The paper aims to assess the impact of deforestation due to windstorms on runoff in small mountain river basins. In the Boca and Ipoltica River basins, changes in forested areas were assessed from available historical and current digital map data. Significant forest losses occurred between 2004 and 2012. During the whole period of 1990–2018, forested areas in the Boca river decreased from 83% to 47% and in the Ipoltica River basin from 80% to 70%. Changes in runoff conditions were assessed based on an assessment of changes in the measured time series of the hydrometeorological data for the years 1981–2016. An empirical hydrological model was used to determine the design peak discharges before and after significant windstorms were estimated for different rain intensities and return periods. The regional climate scenario for the period 2070–2100 was used to assess the current impact of climate change and river basin deforestation on predicted changes in design floods in the coming decades. The effect of deforestation became evident in the extreme discharges, especially in future decades. In the Boca River basin, the estimated design floods increased by 59%, and in the Ipoltica River basin by 172% in the case of the 100-year return period.
The aim of this paper is an assessment of the susceptibility of soil to soil erosion, proposed measures against soil erosion, and an assessment of their effect on the reduction of peak flows. The area of interest is the Halúzníkov Creek basin. The calculations of the soil loss from water erosion were done using the universal soil loss equation and universal soil loss equation 2D methods; for estimating design floods, the curve number method was applied. For reducing the soil loss to tolerance values, strip cropping measures on agricultural fields were proposed. After applying the strip cropping measures, the design flood peaks were also reduced.
The study is focusing on detecting changes in short-term rainfall at 4 selected climatological stations in the mountainous area in the northern part of Slovakia. The aim of the paper was to detect trends and seasonal changes in the future horizons using the outputs of the Community Land Model (CLM) scenario, which is a moderately pessimistic scenario that compares well to current processes in the atmosphere. The scenario was used to compare historical and simulated future 2070-2100 periods. Finally, the results obtained for the stations from the high mountainous areas, were compared with the results from the southern parts of Slovakia. The results provide an overview of the predicted changes in the seasonality and trends of the short-term rainfall intensities in areas with mountainous climate in Slovakia.
The paper focuses on the changes in runoff caused by changes in land use and climate. The study was performed in the Boca River basin, which is located in the Low Tatra National Park in Slovakia. This area has been affected by several severe windstorms in recent decades, which had a significant impact on the changes in forest cover in the Boca River basin occurred in 2004 (Alžbeta) and 2007 (Kyrill and Filip). The bark beetle outbreak followed these windstorms. The first part of the paper focuses on the changes in runoff caused by changes in land use for the period from 1990 to 2018. The design values of short-term rainfalls from actual observations and Corine Land Cover land use are used for the calculation of design floods. The second part focuses on the changes in runoff caused by climate change. The climate change is represented by data from Regional Climate Model (RCM) scenario. The estimation of runoff change is provided for the period 2070 – 2100. These results are compared with the results from actual observations. The design floods are calculated using the Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number method.
The research aims to analyze changes in the predicted short-term rainfall intensities at the Telgárt climatological station and the subsequent use of these predicted rainfall intensities for estimating design floods. The area of interest selected is the upper Hnilec River basin in Slovakia. The research is divided into two parts: In the first part, the authors have focused on analyzing future seasonal changes and the trend of shortterm rainfall intensities and estimating the scaling exponents of short-term rainfall. In the second part, the observed and predicted short-term rainfall intensities have been applied to estimate the design floods in the study area, using the Soil Conservation Service – Curve Number method (SCS CN). The results indicate that for the future periods, there will be a shift in the rainfall maxima of about one week to an earlier period in July compared to the historical period. The changes in the short-term rainfall trends were detected in the 60-, 120- and 180-minute rainfall durations at the 90% significance level. The results of the design discharges predict higher values in the near future in the case of the 10- and 20-year return periods and higher values in the 50- and 100-year return periods for the remote future.
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