The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that an architectural conservation area, as a rule, is part of the central territory of the city, which is subject to a special regime of protection of historical and cultural heritage and the status of the land of historical and cultural designation. Nowadays, in the structure of historical cities, there are a number of architectural conservation areas of both national and local significance, for which a special role is played by the unity and complexity of measures to preserve the historical planning structure and architectural substance. Preserving and increasing the historical and cultural values of the nature reserves environment is crucial for creating attractive interactive recreation areas. At the same time, it is of particular importance to determine the trends of interactive recreation in the conservation areas in the entire historical process to further develop the recreational opportunities of public urban spaces. The purpose of the study is to determine the attractions and recreational capacity, richness and diversity of elements of architectural and urban heritage in the territories of the conservation areas, which together constitute the potential for optimal development of the interactive recreation system.
Studies of recreational processes in the city, the specifics of urban life, trends in the recreation areas organization both in domestic practice and in foreign experience are relevant and timely. Sustainable development of the city involves the stable functioning of the city structure to meet the material and spiritual needs of society, provide the rational use of available resources and potential, form the favourable conditions for human existence in the historically established environment of the city. This process is based on the search for optimal solutions of the city development, determination of the directions of urban areas functioning, taking into account the current trends and patterns of the urban structure development and the formation of relevant scenarios and plans on its bases. The urban area on the whole is an important and limited city resource, therefore the effective use of existing territories is especially important for the sustainable development of the city. The creation of interactive recreation centres within the downtown historical buildings could be the solution to many problems, because interactivity implies diversity, which in terms of city-planning requires making of recreation areas as multifunctional and flexible spaces where the residents could spend their time interesting and useful. The public social space is necessary not only for satisfying the population’s needs, but also for their forming and developing. In the context of present-day segregation of city residents and the absence of permanent information-bearer channels, it is the city-planning streets and square interiors of the city that can become an information and communicative space. The role of public space restoration will provide for the integrity of the city in its city-planning, cultural and social aspects. After all, public spaces are one of the key components of an individual’s comfortable existence and coexistence with the society in general; these are places of collective and individual development and unity of people with the rich historical, architectural and natural heritage of urban substance. A solution of a city historical environment and cultural heritage preservation issue is a significant contribution to the future national development based on the study of the historical achievements of the past, which has no alternatives in creating the attractive interactive recreation areas in the centres of historical cities.
Problem statement. In the modern urban planning practice of development of historical cities the role and potential of the city center are still insufficiently defined, features of its preservation and possible development are not revealed. In Ukraine, there is still no clear definition of the concept of “city center”, which does not contribute to the sustainable urban and architectural development of historic cities. Today there are different interpretations of such an urban category as “city center”. According to the researcher M. Bevz, the “city center” provides a rare opportunity to trace the millennial evolution of the urban planning system, which is rare in Ukraine. Some researchers believe that the city center is an important communication hub and a special space in which various functions of urban life are introduced, in all its evolution, modification, meanings and perceptions (O. Rybchynsky “Formation and revitalization of historical cities of Ukraine”). The author of the study considers it most appropriate to consider the concept of “city center” as identical to the concept of “historical core of the city”. Characteristics of the concept of “historic area of the city” appeared only in 2000 in the Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Cultural Heritage” as part of the settlement, which preserved cultural heritage sites and related planning and form of construction that originate from previous periods of development, typical of certain crops or periods of development. One of the most important methods of preserving and properly modernizing the environment of historical areas should be considered “revalorization”, which contributes to the cultural value of the historic city center. The purpose of the article is to highlight the importance of the historical area as a basis for the formation of interactive recreation. Results. Implementation of revalorization into the theory and practice of domestic reconstruction of the urban environment on the basis of comprehensive and deep theoretical research, as well as ideas for improving and arranging urban space with a focus on successful foreign solutions for using the cultural potential of the central areas of historical cities in the system of interactive recreation. The city should be considered as a multifunctional phenomenon in the diversity of manifestations due to its general cultural and historical significance. In this context, the historic city center is a concentration of interactive communication between residents. Interactive communication is primarily an exchange of ideas for improving the urban environment and enhancing information exchange between people. In such interaction of people and environment of special importance acquires the reflection of human emotional reaction to the made architectural and town-planning environment with its historically formed “human” scale and richness of forms that in turn is necessary protective reaction of the modern person to “standardization” of new city building. The creation of interactive recreation based on the cultural potential of the historic areas of the city allows to form in these areas full-fledged interactive recreational spaces in the combination of existing and new buildings. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Due to the active growth of requirements for the quality and comfort of the urban space of the historic core of the city, the practical significance of the study is to study the historically formed substance of the city, its authenticity; preservation, revival and development of the historical image of the city center on the principles of revalorization. Today there is a need to find and develop methods of activating the environment, one of which is the creation of interactive recreation, which will help to adapt the city-forming and functional significance of their historic areas to new needs.
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