The main objectives of this article are to consider the various meanings of the concept of spirituality, religious (Christian) and non-religious. The authors analysed scientific literature, including such authors, who was directly involved in the study of the spirituality of the Soviet person (L. N. Kogan), and many others who devoted themselves to the study of youth in the USSR, including various aspects of its spirituality (V. T. Lisovskii, S. N. Ikonnikova, V. G. Mordkovich, L. Ya. Rubina, M. Kh. Titma, V. I. Chuprov, V. N. Shubkin). As a result of the analysis, a model was developed that makes it possible to talk about the spirituality of the Christian, Marxist, modern new age movement, with the allocation of basic values, the desired ideal, subjects of the process, etc. Correlation with this model should allow us to solve the main goal of the article – to identify how spirituality (in a religious or non-religious context) is understood by the current generation of student youth, what definitions are given to it, and whether there is continuity in this sense with Soviet ideas about spirituality. The authors came to the following conclusion: the meanings of the spirituality of the Soviet period corresponded to the humanism of the Marxist philosophy of «active man», «creator of culture», transforming not only religious tradition, but also various spheres of private life to suit their ideological needs – family and marriage relations, work, leisure, friendship, set the meaning and purpose of the Soviet man.
The main objectives of this article are to consider the ideas about the spirituality of the post-Soviet person, the ideas about the spirituality of modern Russian youth (that is, that part of society that will live tomorrow), whether there is continuity in these ideas and what changes have occurred, are studied in more detail. Main methods: analysis of literature, in relation to the present – a mass survey of students of metropolitan and regional universities, in particular, data from an open question about spirituality. The main theoretical and methodological tool is a descriptive-phenomenological approach that allows you to define spirituality in the understanding of its bearers and avoid both theoretical constructions and its actual essential definitions. As a result, the authors of the article managed to come to the following conclusions: modern student youth in socio-cultural terms is the heir not only to Orthodoxy, but also to the ideology of the USSR, understanding spirituality mainly humanistically, and in some cases as an atavism, a relic; interpretations of spirituality were given not religious, but secular, linking a spiritual person with such qualities as kindness, non-conflict, awareness, acceptance of oneself and another; the understanding of spirituality and the spiritual person, characteristic of the Soviet era, as a set of qualities characterising a professional devoted to his work and country, has gone into the past.
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