Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess clinicians' knowledge about evaluating possible cardiac arrest patients and recognising cardiac arrest, to assess clinicians' knowledge about appropriate decisions and actions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and to determine which advanced life support courses had been undertaken and whether they were still valid.Design: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey.Setting and subjects: The subjects were doctors who worked in clinical disciplines at a South African tertiary hospital. Using convenience sampling, doctors from each clinical discipline were invited to participate. Those who consented were included, until a sample of 100 was obtained.Outcome measures: A self-administered, closed-ended questionnaire that was based on the course content of the American Heart Association (AHA) Basic Life Support (BLS) course was used. The minimum score of 84%, benchmarked against the AHA BLS course, was used to define adequate knowledge.Results: One hundred doctors participated. None of the participants showed adequate knowledge. The mean total score was 35.1% (95% CI: 31.7; 38.6). The mean adult CPR score was 40.6% (95% CI: 37.4; 45.6). The mean paediatric CPR score was 36.6% (95% CI: 37.0; 41.6). Conclusion:The participants' knowledge of resuscitation was poor. This raises considerable concern about the effectiveness of the CPR that is performed. This study highlights the need for adequate training of clinicians in the skill of resuscitation and the importance of developing appropriate CPR training programmes that are accessible, innovative and inexpensive.Peer reviewed.
Independent of the size of an organization, long-term shareholder wealth is equally important for all profit seeking organizations. This paper examines introducing Economic Value Added (EVA) as a performance measure for agribusinesses and coops in South Africa. EVA is an effective measure of the quality of managerial decisions as well as a reliable indicator of an enterprise's value growth in future.
Commodity prices in general are known to have a high volatility. This is in fact what attracts speculators. The South African futures exchange (SAFEX) is not immune to this volatility. Volatility increases the risk of paying higher prices for a specific commodity, and it also makes the use of derivative instruments to hedge against price risk more expensive. Given the importance of South Africa as a regional supplier of maize and price discovery mechanism, investigations into the volatility of the maize price are not only important, but also indispensable if all parties involved are to manage this risk. The question therefore is whether the SAFEX maize price volatility can be explained by using fundamental factors or whether this volatility is unexplainably high.
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