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Plant breeders have long sought to develop lines that combine outstanding performance with high and stable quality in different environments. The high-arabinoxylan (AX) Chinese variety Yumai-34 was crossed with three Central European wheat varieties (Lupus, Mv-Mambo, Ukrainka) and 31 selected high-AX lines were compared for physical (hectolitre weight, thousand grain weight, flour yield), compositional (protein content, gluten content, pentosan) and processing quality traits (gluten index, Zeleny sedimentation, Farinograph parameters) in a three-year experiment (2013-2015) in the F 7-F 9 generations. The stability and heritability of different traits, including the relative effects of the genotype (G) and environment (E), were determined focusing on grain composition. The contents of total and water-soluble pentosans were significantly affected by G, E and G × E interactions, but the heritability of total (TOT)pentosan was significantly lower (0.341) than that of water-extractable (WE)-pentosan (0.825). The main component of the pentosans, the amount and composition (arabinose: xylose ratio) of the arabinoxylan (AX), was primarily determined by the environment and, accordingly, the broader heritability of these parameters were 0.516 and 0.772. However, genotype significantly affected the amount of water-soluble arabinoxylan and its composition and thus the heritability of these traits was also significant (0.840 and 0.721). The genotypes exhibiting higher stability of content of TOT-pentosan also showed more stable contents of WE-pentosan. There was a positive correlation between the stability of contents of WE-pentosan and WE-AX, while the stability of the WE-AX content and AX composition were also strongly correlated. Water absorption was strongly genetically determined with a heritability of 0.829 with the genotype determining 38.67% of the total variance. Many lines were grouped in the GGE biplot, indicating that they did not significantly differ stability.

Background and Objectives: Oat poses a challenge to the processing industry due to its relatively high lipid content and lesser-known technological properties. Our aim was to investigate the impact of an industrial heat treatment procedure on the hydrolysis and oxidation deterioration processes, technological properties, and molecular composition of different oat cultivars. Findings:The results showed that heat treatment stopped the hydrolysis of the fatty acid effectively. However, this did not slow down the oxidation processes. The viscosity decreased in the dough system, while it increased in the slurry as a result of heat treatment. In the heat-treated samples, the molecular size of some proteins and fiber components increased, the solubility of the fiber components decreased, and the starch composition changed. Conclusions: During the oxidation process, the periodicity of peroxide formation was identified. The modification of technological properties can be explained by the molecular size and solubility changes taking place in proteins and fiber components.Significance and Novelty: Observing and interpreting the periodicity of peroxide formation can be important in inhibiting oxidation processes.Furthermore, we took the first step in examining the properties and changes of oat macromolecules.changes in molecular weight distribution, heat-treatment, oat, oxidative and hydrolytic stability, rheological properties | INTRODUCTIONThe utilization and incorporation of oat into the human diet is becoming increasingly important due to its favorable nutritional value, especially its high soluble dietary fiber content, such as ß-glucan. Besides, oat can be also a part of gluten-free diet by selecting appropriate varieties and by ensuring strict gluten-free processing conditions. Oat has higher lipid content (6%-8%) than other cereals (2%-3%), with particularly high proportion

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A BME Alkalmazott Biotechnológia és Élelmiszertudományi Tanszékén működő Gabonatudományi és Élelmiszerminőség Kutatócsoportban az elválasztástechnika már hosszú idő óta részét képezi az élelmiszerek, élelmiszer összetevők komplex minőségi értékeléséhez alkalmazott módszereknek. A jelenlegi és jogelőd tanszékünkön dolgozó kollégáink komoly eredményeket értek el az elválasztástechnikai módszereik segítségével például a fehérje és szénhidrát összetétel vizsgálatában, a lipidek (zsírsavak) analízisében, a biogén aminok és aminosavak mennyiségi és minőségi értékelésében, stb. Az alapanyag összetételi meghatározása mellett fontos kérdés volt az egyes molekulák minőségre, technológiai tulajdonságokra gyakorolt hatása. Ezt mindig az adott korban korszerűnek számító eszközöket és módszereket felhasználva volt lehetőség vizsgálni, így gélkromatográfia, nagyhatékonyságú folyadékkromatográfia, gázkromatográfia és elektroforetikus technikák alkalmazása fémjelezte mind a kutatás, mind az oktatás színvonalát. Az elmúlt években a kutatócsoportunkban főként a gabonák minőségével, összetételükkel, technológia potenciáljukkal és élelmiszerbiztonsági szempontú értékelésükkel foglalkoztunk.Ezeknek a területeknek a kutatására a részletes molekuláris szintű (elsősorban fehérje és rost összetételi) vizsgálatok elengedhetetlenné váltak, amelyek kiváló eszközei a modern elektroforetikus és kromatográfiás módszerek. Ezek megfelelő alkalmazása azonban nagy kihívást jelent, mert rutinszerű használatukhoz a legtöbb esetben komoly módszerfejlesztési és/vagy módszeradaptálási, részleges validálási feladatok elvégzése szükséges. A következőkben néhány alkalmazási példán keresztül rövid áttekintést adunk a kutatócsoportunkban az elválasztástechnika területét érintő projektekről és elért eredményeinkről.

In the Research Group of Cereal Science and Food Quality at the Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science of BME, separation technique has been part of the methods used for the complex quality assessment of food and food ingredients for a long time. Our colleagues working in our current and predecessor department achieved serious results with the help of their separation technique methods, for example in the analysis of protein and carbohydrate composition, analysis of lipids (fatty acids), quantitative and qualitative evaluation of biogenic amines and amino acids, etc. In addition to determining the composition of the raw material, the impact of different molecules on quality and technological properties was always an important question. It was always possible to investigate this using the modern tools and methods of the time, so the application of gel chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and electrophoretic techniques determined the quality of both research and education. In recent years, the research group has mainly dealt with the quality of grains, their composition, their technological potential and their evaluation from a food safety aspect. For the research of these areas, molecular level (mainly protein and fibre composition) examinations have become essential, for which modern electrophoretic and chromatographic methods are excellent tools. However, their proper application is a great challenge, because in most cases, serious method development and/or method adaptation and partial validation tasks are required for their routine use. In the following, we provide a brief overview of the projects and results achieved in our research group in the field of separation techniques through a few application examples.

Wheat is a well-known source of B vitamins but also contains significant amounts of vitamin E and related tocols, which have a number of positive health benefits. However, there are no reports on increasing the tocol content of wheat. A prerequisite for increasing the tocol content is the identification of variation in its amount within wheat and related cereals. We therefore determined the tocol content and composition in the grain of 230 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of a diverse biparental wheat population (Mv Toborzó/Tommi), showing variation in the total content from 13.69 to 45.18 μg/g d.m. The total content also showed transgressive segregation in the population. The effect of the genotype on the variance components of tocols was studied, and the broad-sense heritability was calculated to be 0.71. The lines were also grouped based on their tocol content and analyzed for their chemical composition and breadmaking quality. The high heritability value and the wide variation found in the total amount indicate that increasing the content of tocols is a possible breeding strategy.

The aim of this work was to investigate and compare the effect of arabinoxylan (AX) addition and incorporation on the mixing properties of native and model doughs of different wheat types, to get more insight into the role of AXs in dough formation. In the experiments, flour samples of a wheat variety (normal starch type) and two wheat lines (waxy and high amylose) were used. Model doughs were composed by fractionating flours into starch and gluten followed by subsequent reconstitution according to their original gluten to starch ratio. AX isolate was dosed in 1% and 3% to the native and model doughs. Incorporation of AX was performed by reduction and re-oxidation of wheat dough with dithiothreitol (DTT) and KIO3, respectively. Model doughs behaved similarly to native doughs thus were found appropriate for the model experiments. In general, higher AX level resulted higher dough consistency in every dough system compared to the corresponding base dough, however, the extent of the growth was different. In case of assumed AX incorporation only small differences were found in the mixing properties compared to AX addition. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) analysis, some minor but clear changes were observed in the protein subunit profile of AX containing doughs compared to base doughs, but no difference was identified between doughs made by AX addition and AX incorporation. However, the characterization of the gluten-AX interactions requires more detailed investigation, in which a pure gluten-starch-AX model system can offer a valuable, well-defined matrix.