Soil fauna plays a key role in organic matter decomposition. Litter decomposition depends on the relationships of soil fauna and microorganisms as well as climate and litter quality. The decomposer community is sensitive to land use. Thus, physical-chemical disturbances, like soil tillage, can exercise important control on the soil fauna. In order to study the effect of land use and its impact on litter decomposition by soil fauna, a litter-bag experiment was conducted in the Pampa Serrana region, Azul district, Argentina. Litter-bags were made in three different mesh-sizes, allowing the access of micro, micro þ meso and micro þ meso þ macrofauna. Four different treatments were defined: naturalized grassland and three agricultural agroecosystems under different tillage systems, i.e., conservation tillage, conventional-conservation tillage and conventional tillage. Decomposition rate and remaining litter were measured across three different seasons. We found that naturalized grassland obtained the highest decomposition rates and the least remaining litter compared to conservation and conventional tillage systems. No difference in litter decomposition was identified among agricultural agroecosystems. Micro þ meso þ macrofauna presented the highest decomposition rate and the lowest remaining litter of soil fauna groups, in all agroecosystems. In contrast, microfauna decomposition rate was the lowest and produced the highest remaining litter. Micro þ mesofauna presented values of decomposition rate and remaining litter that differed significantly from the rest of the groups in some seasons. These results highlight the importance of soil fauna in litter decomposition and the negative effects of different land use systems on litter decomposition by soil fauna.
ResumenA lo largo de la literatura la pregunta por qué es una constante lógica ha recibido distintas respuestas desde los acercamientos de la teoría de modelos (Tarski; 1966), (Sher;1991), (Gómez Torrente; 2003), (Bonnay; 2007) hasta las respuestas que centran el significado en las reglas de uso (Dummett; 1991), 1965). Frente a la segunda corriente filosófica se han presentado algunos inconvenientes ineludibles, en particular la constante 'tonk' (Prior; 1960 ) frente a la que los defensores del inferencialismo en lógica han presentado varias soluciones, en particular la armonía. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que los distintos criterios de 'armonía' que se utilizan en semántica de la prueba para establecer qué es una constante lógica no cumplen con su objetivo ya que no son necesario o suficientes. Presentaré las razones filosóficas por las que surge el concepto de 'armonía' y luego describiré las distintas formas en las que la literatura suele entender el concepto de 'armonía'. Luego mostraré que o bien sobregeneran o bien subgeneran conectivas en base a una serie de contraejemplos. Finalmente, desarrollaré algunas razones filosóficas que deberían delimitar por dónde continuar la búsqueda de una definición satisfactoria del concepto de 'armonía'.Palabras claves: armonía, tonk, inferencialismo, semánticas de la prueba.
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