IB is significantly lower in infants (especially in the first months of life) compared with older children. Low IB in both proximal and distal esophagus in young infants may be related to anatomical and functional difference other than the presence of esophagitis.

27 patients (aged 15–55 years) with relapsed acute myelogenous (AML) and lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), and with lymphoblastic non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) have been treated with intermediate dose cytosine arabinoside (AraC, 1 g/m2 q 12h x 12) and 3 d of m‐AMSA (20 patients), 90–115 mg/m2 daily, or daunorubicin (7 patients). 18 of them attained a complete remission (AML 10/14, ALL 3/5, NHL 5/8). 7 patients received consolidation treatment with 1–2 courses comprising 4 d of AraC (3 g/m2 q 12 h x 8) and m‐AMSA (90–115 mg/m2) on d 5 of each course. 2 patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and 9 received no further treatment after remission induction. In addition to vomiting, fever and conjunctivitis, toxicity in 6 patients included a combination of severe diarrhoea, fever and signs of paralytic ileus. 3 of them died during the pancytopenic phase. The pancytopenic period ranged from 16–25 d (median 21 d) after the remission induction and 14–21 d (median 19 d) after the consolidation course. Median remission duration was 5 months for those patients who received no treatment after remission induction and >9 months (4+‐16+ months) for the patients who received consolidation courses. Increased dosages of AraC are active in relapsed leukaemia and lymphoma, although optimal dose and schedule are still undetermined.