This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, is aimed to review current research in virtual reality for healthcare training, specifically pertaining to nontechnical skills. PsycInfo and Medline databases were queried for relevant articles published through December 2017. Of the 1377 publications identified, 80 were assessed for eligibility and 26 were finally included in the qualitative synthesis. Overall, the use of virtual training for non-technical skills is recent in healthcare education, and has increased since 2010. Screen-based VR simulators or virtual worlds are the most frequently used systems. The nontechnical skills addressed in VR simulation include mainly teamwork, communication and situation awareness. The majority of studies evaluate the usability and acceptability of VR simulation, and few studies have measured the effects of VR simulation on non-technical skills development.
Background: Virtual Reality (VR) simulation has recently been developed and has improved surgical training. Most VR simulators focus on learning technical skills and few on procedural skills. Studies that evaluated VR simulators focused on feasibility, reliability or easiness of use, but few of them used a specific acceptability measurement tool. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess acceptability and usability of a new VR simulator for procedural skill training among scrub nurses, based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. Participants: The simulator training system was tested with a convenience sample of 16 nonexpert users and 13 expert scrub nurses from the neurosurgery department of a French University Hospital. Methods: The scenario was designed to train scrub nurses in the preparation of the instrumentation table for a craniotomy in the operating room (OR). Results: Acceptability of the VR simulator was demonstrated with no significant difference between expert scrub nurses and non-experts. There was no effect of age, gender or expertise. Workload, immersion and simulator sickness were also rated equally by all participants. Most participants stressed its pedagogical interest, fun and realism, but some of them also regretted its lack of visual comfort. Conclusion: This VR simulator designed to teach surgical procedures can be widely used as a tool in initial or vocational training.
Virtual reality simulation provides interesting opportunities to train nurses in a safe environment. While the virtual operating room has proven to be a useful training tool for technical skills, it has been less studied for non-technical skills. This study aimed to assess "Error recognition in a virtual operating room", using a simulation scenario designed to improve situation awareness. Eighteen scrub-nurse students and 8 expert scrub-nurses took part in the experiment. They were immersed in a virtual operating room and reported any errors they observed. There were nineteen errors with various degrees of severity. Measures were retrieved from logs (number of errors, time for detection, movements) and from questionnaires (situation awareness, subjective workload, anxiety and user experience). The results showed that the participants who detected most errors had a higher level of situation awareness, detected high-risk errors faster and felt more immersed in the virtual operating room than those detecting fewer errors. They also felt the workload was lighter and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 experienced more satisfaction. Students explored the operating room more than experts did and detected more errors, especially those with moderate risk. Debriefings confirmed that virtual simulation is acceptable to trainees and motivates them. It also provides useful and original material for debriefings.
Background. Courses are developed to train on open communication. This study focuses on speaking-up for scrub nurses.Method. The scenario is implemented on digital tablets, with vignettes involving problematic behaviours of a colleague with the same or different status. The nurses (N = 33) were asked whether they would point out the error, whether they would be embarrassed, and how they would do it.Results. Nurses expressed greater embarrassment with a colleague of a different status. This is confirmed by their phrasing and the strategies they reported when speaking to the surgeon.
Conclusion.The scenario was well accepted and could be used to train other health professionals.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.