[fre] L'accroissement récent des besoins en eau agricole provient pour une grande partie du développement de l'irrigation individuelle dans des régions peu irriguées auparavant. Il amène parfois à des compétitions d'usage et à des impacts négatifs sur le milieu. De plus l'irrigation nécessite des investissements coûteux. Cependant, le développement récent de l'irrigation montre bien qu'elle constitue pour l'agriculteur comme pour la collectivité, une réponse à un contexte économique difficile. Concilier ces attentes ainsi que le respect du milieu naturel passe par des économies d'eau, une planification adaptée et une gestion locale de la ressource en eau. Il n'est effectivement pas possible de prendre une position générale et uniforme sur l'opportunité de l'irrigation du fait de la diversité des situations. [eng] Irrigation and water resources management in France . Development of individual irrigation in areas that were not much irrigated before is the main cause for the recent increase of water requirements for agricultural purposes. Sometimes, this entails competition for the use of water and harmful consequences for the environnement. Moreover, irrigation requires costly investments. However, the development of irrigation shows it is the answer chosen by farmers and the community to face the economic difficulties of the agriculture. Coming up to the water demand and protecting the environnement requires water savings, adequate planning and local management of water ressources. In fact, the large variety of encountered situations makes it impossible to end up with a general and uniform statement about the irrigation opportunity.
Strategies for adapting to climate change are crucial to sustain human development while ensuring the supply of ecosystem services, especially in mid-altitude mountains. This paper presents main methodological developments and results of an inter-and transdisciplinary research that was applied to the Vercors massif in southeastern France. The approach linked regional climate projections with impacts on social-ecological systems, socio-economic activities, as well as adaptation capacities and management responses. We built on an extensive participatory process and an in-depth analysis of expert and local knowledge. This process provided a generic and transdisciplinary knowledge model together with an integrated framework for adaptation management (AMS-MAIA method). Our analyses showed that many adaptation practices were already underway in the study area, implicitly or explicitly, and highlight key functions and some relevant cross-sectoral insights for adaptation. The research also assisted in collecting information on climate sensitivity through social-ecological indicators across spatial units. It provided resources and a prototype of web-based tools to assist local communities in setting up cross-sectoral adaptation strategies. We offer an original method for governing adaptation based on management standards and continuous improvement, while 2 highlighting limitations of such formal and stringent approaches that require social and political license.
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