ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the international variation in the use of evidence-based management (EBM) in bronchiolitis. We hypothesised that management consistent with full-EBM practices is associated with the research network of care, adjusted for patient-level characteristics. Secondary objectives were to determine the association between full-EBM and (1) hospitalisation and (2) emergency department (ED) revisits resulting in hospitalisation within 21 days.DesignA secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study.Setting38 paediatric EDs belonging to the Paediatric Emergency Research Network in Canada, USA, Australia/New Zealand UK/Ireland and Spain/Portugal.PatientsOtherwise healthy infants 2–11 months old diagnosed with bronchiolitis between 1 January 2013 and 31 December, 2013.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome was management consistent with full-EBM, that is, no bronchodilators/corticosteroids/antibiotics, no chest radiography or laboratory testing. Secondary outcomes included hospitalisations during the index and subsequent ED visits.Results1137/2356 (48.3%) infants received full-EBM (ranging from 13.2% in Spain/Portugal to 72.3% in UK/Ireland). Compared with the UK/Ireland, the adjusted ORs (aOR) of full-EBM receipt were lower in Spain/Portugal (aOR 0.08, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.29), Canada (aOR 0.13 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.31) and USA (aOR 0.16 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.35). EBM was less likely in infants with dehydration (aOR 0.49 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.71)), chest retractions (aOR 0.69 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.91)) and nasal flaring (aOR 0.69 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.92)). EBM was associated with reduced odds of hospitalisation at the index visit (aOR 0.77 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.98)) but not at revisits (aOR 1.17 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.85)).ConclusionsInfants with bronchiolitis frequently do not receive full-EBM ED management, particularly those outside of the UK/Ireland. Furthermore, there is marked variation in full-EBM between paediatric emergency networks, and full-EBM delivery is associated with lower likelihood of hospitalisation. Given the global bronchiolitis burden, international ED-focused deimplementation of non-indicated interventions to enhance EBM is needed.
BackgroundPaediatric clavicle fractures are commonly seen in the emergency department (ED), and the current standard of care is to obtain a radiograph for all suspected clavicle fractures. We are yet to determine whether radiographs add valuable information to clinicians’ assessment and therefore if they are necessary in the management of paediatric clavicle fractures.ObjectiveTo determine whether clinicians can manage paediatric clavicle fractures without radiographs, first by determining the accuracy of clinicians in identifying the presence of a clavicle fracture, and second by evaluating the level of agreement (kappa (κ)) between the ultimate management of children with suspected clavicle fractures and clinicians’ blinded prediction prior to the radiograph.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled patients presenting to a paediatric ED with a suspected clavicle fracture. Prior to requesting a radiograph, clinicians completed a standardised form, where they predicted the presence of a fracture and their ultimate management based on their clinical findings, and rated their confidence.ResultsOf the 50 patients aged 7.2±3.9 years included, 40 (80%) had a radiologically proven clavicle fracture, and clinicians were able to accurately identify them (sensitivity 93%, positive predictive value 88%). There were five (50%) patients without a radiological fracture that were treated with broad arm sling. Clinicians’ prediction of ultimate management had the highest agreement with the ultimate management of the patient on leaving the ED, compared with clinicians’ prediction of the presence of fracture and the final radiograph findings: κ of 0.88 (95% CI 0.64 to 1), 0.67 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.98) and 0.62 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.94), respectively. Thirty-six (72%) of the clinicians felt comfortable treating without radiographs, and this was dependent on their level of training.ConclusionsClinicians can identify the presence of a fracture and tend to be overconservative in their management. Despite negative radiological findings, some patients were treated as though they had a fracture, based on clinical judgement. This adds evidence that radiographs are not routinely required for uncomplicated paediatric clavicle fractures.
approaches to routine testing. A recent study showed that when a physician led model of testing is in place, 39.7% of all general medical patients are offered HIV tests. Aim(s)/objectives Assess the feasibility and acceptability of a non-physician directed (NPD) model of HIV testing. Methods Retrospective cohort study involving a review of the proportion of all medical admissions offered tests by a NPD model of HIV testing. Results 57.9% (1973/3409) of all general medical admissions aged 18-79 were offered HIV tests. Acceptability was high with 96. 7% (1908/1973) of offered patients having HIV tests. The mean age of patients offered and tested was 56.8 years. Discussion/conclusion This study demonstrates superior feasibility and efficacy of a non-physician directed model of routine HIV testing. Although cost and culture remain important barriers of employing this strategy in many hospitals, the use of allied health professionals may be an important step in achieving National and International guidelines for HIV testing.
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