In conclusion, the present study did not find an age- and blood pressure-independent association between moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea and arterial stiffness in non-sleepy people with Type 2 diabetes. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT02482584).

Background Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is related to type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and it may be associated with reduced inspiratory muscle strength (IMS). The aim of this study was to investigate the IMS in patients with T2DM, with or without OSA. Methods Patients with T2DM with OSA (n = 33) and without OSA (n = 28) were included. The maximum IMS was tested using the POWERbreathe KH2 device. Reference IMS values were data calculated using an algorithm based on general populations and adjusted for age and gender. Results There was no difference in IMS between the OSA group (median (range) 77 (35–124) cmH2O) and the non-OSA group (84 (33–122) cmH2O) (p = 0.97). The IMS values were reduced in the OSA group compared with the reference values (92.9 (62.3–100.0) cmH2O) (p = 0.030), whereas the non-OSA group did not have reduced IMS. When the IMS values of all T2DM patients were compared with reference values, the IMS values were 79 (33–124) cmH2O and 93.8 (62.3–102.4) cmH2O, respectively (p = 0.017). Conclusion No difference in IMS between patients with T2DM with or without OSA was found. However, patients with T2DM and OSA had reduced IMS compared with age- and gender-matched references whereas the non-OSA group did not have reduced IMS.

Ischemic stroke has a high recurrence rate despite treatment. This underlines the significance of investigating new possible cerebrovascular risk factors, such as the acquired gene mutation JAK2V617F found in 3.1% of the general population. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of the JAK2V617F mutation in an ischemic stroke population compared with matched controls. We enrolled 538 consecutive Danish patients with ischemic stroke (mean age 69.5± 10.9, 39.2% female) within seven days of symptom onset. Using multiple adjusted conditional logistic regression analysis, we compared the prevalence of JAK2V617F with age- and sex-matched controls free of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) from the Danish General Suburban Population Study. DNA was analyzed for the JAK2V617F mutation using sensitive droplet digital PCR in patients and controls. Of the 538 patients with ischemic stroke, 61 (11.3%) had the JAK2V617F mutation. There were no differences in patient demographics or cerebrovascular comorbidities between patients with and without mutations. Patients with ischemic stroke were more likely to have the JAK2V617F mutation compared with matched controls in whom the JAK2V617F prevalence was 4.4%% (odds ratio (OR)=2.37, 95% CI [1.57, 3.58], p<0.001). A subanalysis stratified by smoking history revealed that the association was strongest in current smokers (OR=4.78, 95% CI [2.22, 10.28], p<0.001). Patients with ischemic stroke are 2.4 times more likely to have the JAK2V617F mutation than matched controls without ICVD when adjusting for other cerebrovascular risk factors. This finding supports the JAK2V617F mutation as a novel cerebrovascular risk factor.