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BackgroundDespite medical technology advancement, postpartum hemorrhage remains the top universal cause of maternal mortality. Factors note the inconsistency in recognition and timely treatment of women experiencing it, which suggests healthcare professionals’ mentorship about postpartum hemorrhage.MethodsThe study recruited 141 nurses and midwives and used instruments adapted to knowledge and self-efficacy to assess the impact of mentorship on nurses’ and midwives’ knowledge and self-efficacy in managing postpartum hemorrhage.ResultsThere was an increase in knowledge from 68% prior to mentorship up to 87% and self-efficacy from 6.9 to 9.5 average score out of 10. Knowledge and self-efficacy correlated moderately positive at pre-mentorship (r=0.214) and strongly positive at post-mentorship (r=0.585). The number of mentorship visits attended was associated with post-mentorship knowledge scores (r=0.539) and post-mentorship self-efficacy (r=0.623).ConclusionsMentorship about management of postpartum hemorrhage increases nurses’ and midwives’ knowledge and self-efficacy in managing postpartum hemorrhage.

Introduction Rwanda healthcare insurance coverage aims to help Rwandans with access to healthcare. However, some individuals face difficulties with obtaining healthcare insurance. This paper provides a critical analysis of policy factors hindering the attainment of total coverage. Methods A critical policy analysis framework devised from discourse theories by Taylor informed this paper. Results This paper illustrates the context and antecedents associated with the issue of uninsured individuals. The paper highlighted competing factors and discourses contributing to persistent gap in healthcare insurance coverage in Rwanda. An example of factors is a limited income of individuals assigned to the second Ubudehe category. It further identifies the nature of the issue and corresponding economic and social consequences, along with priority action steps required to attain total healthcare coverage. Conclusion To address the issue of uninsured individuals, the Government of Rwanda should target segments of population with the lowest rates of coverage, regardless of their income.

BackgroundProvision of empathetic palliative care in agreement with patient’s favorites is an indispensable attitude of healthcare providers. A Peaceful End of Life Theory was designed by Rulandand Moore (1998),to provide theoretical framework for nurses who care for patients at end stage of their life.MethodsChinn and Kramer theory analysis guideline was used to analyse this theory to suggest its improvement.ResultsFive major concepts and sub-concepts are identified.This theory informs the nursing profession on the relieving interventions at the end of life. It provides a guidance to supportively manage terminally ill patients in collaboration with their families.ConclusionThis theory is important to guide nursing practice,research, and education. However, there is a lack of an instrument to measure the desired outcomes, some subconcepts do not cleary specify the nursing interventions, and it lacks the spiritual comfort to the terminally ill patients who believe in eternal life.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(3):412-417

BACKGROUND To optimize people’s knowledge in sexuality and reproductive health (SRH) matters in Rwanda, among available communication approaches, social media platforms such as YouTube can be used to educate people in their reproductive age about healthy and non-risky sexuality and reproductive health practices and behaviors. However, there is a paucity of evidence to ascertain the authenticity of SRH on Kinyarwanda YouTube to know the extent to which SRH is covered, the characteristics of available videos, and the themes covered by those videos. OBJECTIVE •To determine the prevalence of videos about sexuality and reproductive health issues uploaded on Kinyarwanda YouTube channels. •To describe the characteristics of available videos in Kinyarwanda about sexuality and reproductive health issues uploaded on identified channels. •To identify the themes covered by retrieved Kinyarwanda videos covering sexuality and reproductive health issues •To determine the trend at which the YouTube video channels have been used to communicate about SRH during Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS Using a content analysis approach, the current study searched the Kinyarwanda Youtube channels to analyze videos about sexuality and reproductive health posted on YouTube. The study adapted a framework by Kim et al to guide the data collection process; mainly in developing and applying search filters. We included all types of videos be it visual or audio regardless of their length. To be included, an audio and/or a visual video had to be in Kinyarwanda and the video had to be directed to the general public but more specifically young people, adult men, and women in the age of reproductive age (15 to 49 years old). Descriptive statistics constituting of frequency and percentages were computed to characterize the basic characteristics of retrieved channels, portrayal of the videos, and presentation of sexuality and reproductive health themes that emerged from retrieved videos. Further analysis involved the computation of cross-tabulations to explore if there were any associations between: i. Focus of the channel and the date when the channel was opened ii. Focus of the channel and who was involved in the video. RESULTS The YouTube search retrieved 21,506 videos that tackled sexuality and reproductive health topics. The current study found that during the Covid-19 pandemic, there was a fourfold increase (from 7.2% before to 30.6%) of the channels that solely focused on sexually explicit content. The majority of retrieved videos (84%) tackled the topic of sexuality with sexually explicit content predominantly found in the majority of these videos (79%, n=1082), and only 16% (n=287) of the videos covered reproductive health matters. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that has analyzed the use of YouTube in communicating about sexuality and reproductive health in the Kinyarwanda language. The current study relied on the videos that appeared online during the study period. Further research should gather information about who access the videos, and how channel owners and individuals involved in the videos perceive the impact of their videos on the Rwandan community’s sexuality.