Women who suffer from breast hypertrophy commonly have physical symptoms such as back pain and psychosocial problems. Breast reduction surgery is performed to relieve these problems. Side-effects must be kept to a minimum. Risk factors for developing postoperative complications have not clearly been identified so far. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors that lead to complications. The medical records of 512 consecutive women (mean age 40 years) who underwent bilateral breast reduction were retrospectively studied. All complications that occurred during the first 30 days after the operation were retrieved from medical records. Complications occurred in 32% of the patients within 30 days of surgery. The most common complication was infection at the surgical site (16%) followed by delayed wound healing (10%). Fat necrosis occurred in 2.5%, partial areola necrosis in 3.1%, and total areola necrosis in 0.6% of the patients. A longer suprasternal notch to nipple distance gave significantly higher risk of postoperative infection (p < 0.001) and necrosis in the mammilla (p < 0.001). The resected specimen weight during the operation was found to significantly influence the risk of delayed wound healing (p = 0.021) and fat necrosis (p < 0.001). Smokers had twice the risk of getting a postoperative infection, RR = 2.0 (95% CI = 1.3-3.1). Diabetics had a significantly higher risk of necrosis of the areola (p = 0.003). All the above predictors were identified as independent predictors. Complications after breast reduction are common. The study has identified several risk factors for complications, some of them independent, which might be avoidable by performing a careful preoperative evaluation of the patient.
Évoquée depuis 1992-1993, il aura fallu quinze ans pour voir aboutir la réforme du Fonds des communes en Wallonie. Après des débats intenses, les partenaires de la majorité PS-CDH se sont entendus sur une formule qui a entraîné une opposition vive du MR, tandis qu’Écolo s’est montré plus nuancé, en s’abstenant à la fin du parcours parlementaire. Les versements en provenance du Fonds des communes constituent en moyenne 20 à 25 % des recettes ordinaires des communes. Les critères de répartition du Fonds entre les communes sont des choix politiques qui restent l’objet de controverses malgré leur diversification et les efforts d’objectivation. Certains critères orientent délibérément les politiques communales, par exemple en matière de logement, d’autres influencent la fiscalité communale, etc. Jean-François Husson présente le cheminement de la réforme depuis les travaux préparatoires jusqu’au décret du 15 juillet 2008. Il analyse le nouveau mode de répartition du Fonds et le compare avec le système antérieur. Il évalue son impact sur les finances communales et dresse un inventaire des nombreuses réactions qui se sont manifestées vis-à-vis de la réforme.
This paper explores the conditions under which urban entrepreneurship can develop through art-based interventions. Drawing on two contrasting case studies (Civic City in France, Fieris Fééries in Belgium) and taking actor-network theory (ANT) as a starting analytical point, we outline the tensions involved in the implementation process of such interventions. We focus on the capacity of urban entrepreneurs to engage different relevant stakeholders (artists, local government and citizens), establish connections between disconnected worlds that are likely to challenge existing institutional structures and eventually create novelty. We identify these actors as 'translators'. The paper shows that when urban entrepreneurs play an active translation role consistently over time, artbased interventions can have a substantial impact on urban regeneration.
Le système politico-institutionnel belge 1 La Belgique est une monarchie constitutionnelle, caractérisée par un régime parlementaire. Le premier article de la Constitution belge énonce que la Belgique est un État fédéral composé de communautés et de régions. Celles-ci constituent les entités fédérées belges au sein desquelles les divers organes exécutifs et législatifs partagent avec l'État fédéral les compétences publiques de l'État belge. Il existe trois communautés : la Communauté flamande, la Communauté française
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.