Objective
To investigate associations of daily breakfast consumption (DBC) with demographic and lifestyle factors in 41 countries.
Methods
Design: Survey including nationally representative samples of 11–15 year olds (n = 204,534) (HBSC 2005–2006). Statistics: Multilevel logistic regression analyses
Results
DBC varied from 33 % (Greek girls) to 75 % (Portuguese boys).
In most countries, lower DBC was noticed in girls, older adolescents, those with lower family affluence and those living in single-parent families. DBC was positively associated with healthy lifestyle behaviours and negatively with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours.
Conclusion
Breakfast skipping deserves attention in preventive programs. It is common among adolescents, especially girls, older adolescents and those from disadvantaged families.
The results indicate that DBC can serve as an indicator to identify children at risk for unhealthy lifestyle behaviours.
Systemic lidocaine can induce a significant and selective reduction of several components of pain caused by CNS injuries. The observed preferential antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects of this drug suggest a selective central action on the mechanisms underlying these evoked pains.
This article has an accompanying continuing medical education activity, also eligible for MOC credit, on page e19. Learning Objective: Upon completion of this CME activity successful learners will be able to (1) evaluate the probability of a venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with newly diagnosed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); (2) identify the risk factors for VTE in patients with PDAC; and (3) assess the impact of VTE on survival in patients with PDAC.
Venous Thromboembolism and Pancreatic CancerThe BACAP-VTE Study : pancreatic cancer patients prospectively followed-up from time of enrollment until last visit or death 152 patients (20.79%) developed a VTE during a median follow-up of 19.3 months Patients developing VTE during follow-up had lower PFS (HR 1.74, 95%CI 1.19-2.54, P=.004) Patients developing VTE during follow-up had lower OS (HR 2.02, 95%CI 1.57-2.60, P<.001).
A family history of overweight or diabetes, overweight in the first 2 y of life, and television viewing are associated with overweight at 4 y. These factors should be considered in developing programs for the prevention of overweight in early childhood.
While the utility of circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in cancer screening and early detection have recently been investigated by testing genetic and epigenetic alterations, here, an original approach by examining cfDNA quantitative and structural features is developed. First, the potential of cfDNA quantitative and structural parameters is independently demonstrated in cell culture, murine, and human plasma models. Subsequently, these variables are evaluated in a large retrospective cohort of 289 healthy individuals and 983 patients with various cancer types; after age resampling, this evaluation is done independently and the variables are combined using a machine learning approach. Implementation of a decision tree prediction model for the detection and classification of healthy and cancer patients shows unprecedented performance for 0, I, and II colorectal cancer stages (specificity, 0.89 and sensitivity, 0.72). Consequently, the methodological proof of concept of using both quantitative and structural biomarkers, and classification with a machine learning method are highlighted, as an efficient strategy for cancer screening. It is foreseen that the classification rate may even be improved by the addition of such biomarkers to fragmentomics, methylation, or the detection of genetic alterations. The optimization of such a multianalyte strategy with this machine learning method is therefore warranted.
Background: In colorectal cancer, hPG80 (progastrin) is released from tumor cells, promotes cancer stem cells (CSC) self-renewal and is detected in the blood of patients. Because the gene GAST that encodes hPG80 is a target gene of oncogenic pathways that are activated in many tumor types, we hypothesized that hPG80 could be expressed by tumors from various origins other than colorectal cancers, be a drug target and be detectable in the blood of these patients. Methods: hPG80 expression was monitored by fluorescent immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression in tumors from various origins. Cancer cell lines were used in sphere forming assay to analyze CSC self-renewal. Blood samples were obtained from 1546 patients with 11 different cancer origins and from two retrospective kinetic studies in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis or hepatocellular carcinomas. These patients were regularly sampled during treatments and assayed for hPG80. Findings: We showed that hPG80 was present in the 11 tumor types tested. In cell lines originating from these tumor types, hPG80 neutralization decreased significantly CSC self-renewal by 28 to 54%. hPG80 was detected in the blood of patients at significantly higher concentration than in healthy blood donors (median hPG80: 4.88 pM versus 1.05 pM; p < 0.0001) and shown to be correlated to GAST mRNA levels in the matched tumor (i.e., lung cancers, Spearman r = 0.8; p = 0.0023). Furthermore, we showed a strong association between longitudinal hPG80 concentration changes and anti-cancer treatment efficacy in two independent retrospective studies. In the peritoneal carcinomatosis cohort, median hPG80 from inclusion to the post-operative period decreased from
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis. However, AFP is not useful in establishing a prognosis for patients with a tumor in the early stages. hPG80 (circulating progastrin) is a tumor promoting peptide present in the blood of patients with various cancers, including HCC. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of plasma hPG80 in patients with HCC, alone or in combination with AFP. A total of 168 HCC patients were tested prospectively for hPG80 and analyzed retrospectively. The prognostic impact of hPG80 and AFP levels on patient survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. hPG80 was detected in 84% of HCC patients. There was no correlation between hPG80 and AFP levels in the training and validation cohorts. Both cohorts showed higher sensitivity of hPG80 compared to AFP, especially at early stages. Patients with high hPG80 (hPG80+) levels (optimal cutoff value 4.5 pM) had significantly lower median overall survival (OS) compared to patients with low hPG80 (hPG80−) levels (12.4 months versus not reached respectively, p < 0.0001). Further stratification by combining hPG80 and AFP levels (cutoff 100 ng/mL) improved prognosis in particular for those patients with low AFP level (hPG80−/AFP+ and hPG80−/AFP−, 13.4 months versus not reached respectively, p < 0.0001 and hPG80+/AFP+ and hPG80+/AFP−, 5.7 versus 26 months respectively, p < 0.0001). This was corroborated when analyses were performed using the BCLC staging especially at early stages. Our findings show that hPG80 could serve as a new prognostic biomarker in HCC. Used in combination with AFP, it improves the stratification of the patients in good and poor prognosis, especially for those patients with negative AFP and early-stage HCC.
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