Background: Interaction of stem cells with extracellular matrix (ECM) controls their fate.Results: MS reveals interacting ECM networks produced by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and their feeders; supportive and unsupportive hESC substrates comprise distinct ECM compositions.Conclusion: Several ECM molecules maintain hESC self-renewal.Significance: Better understanding of hESC self-renewal has applications in understanding development, generating cell therapies, and modeling diseases.

Intrale.sional infection of bleomycin sulphate i.s a safe and almost completely effective treatment for warts. One tfiousand and fifty-two warts were injected with bleomycin .sulphate, re.sulting in a cure rate of 99.23% after 12 weeks. No systemic manife.station.s of hleomycin toxicity were observed during the trial. After failure of injection of saline, it would appear that it is the cytotoxic effeet of bleomycin and not the physical interference with ihe wart that effects the ctire.

This case report describes the use of a double-free, flow-through flap as a valuable tool in reconstruction following oncological resection of a large, fungating, squamous cell carcinoma extending through the scalp, forehead, skull, and dura. An anterolateral thigh flap was utilized to supply: soft tissue for the forehead reconstruction, vascularized fascia lata for the dural repair, and to act vascular conduit to supply a distally placed latissmus dorsi flap for total scalp reconstruction. We believe this is the first time this combination of double-free, flow-through flap design has been published for the reconstruction of complex, composite scalp and calvarial defects.