The growth of plants by the use of Trichoderma occurs through distinct mechanisms, among which it can highlight the synthesis of phytohormones and auxins analogues. The objective of this work was to evaluate Trichoderma spp. commercial strains in the promoting seedlings growth and in the productivity of parsley plants. In laboratory assay, seeds of parsley cv. ‘Graúda Portuguesa’ were treated with 2 mL of Trichoderma suspension (2.5 × 108 ml-1 conidia per 100 g of seeds) submitted to growth test until 28 days after sowing (DAS). For the greenhouse experiment, parsley seedlings were transplanted into 3.0 L pots containing soil, which was previously treated with 5 mL Trichoderma suspension, totaling 1.5 × 108 conidia per pot. In both, a control without Trichoderma application was included, being arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). The evaluations were: percentage of germination (PG), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), total length (TL = RL + SL), fresh root mass (FRM), fresh shoot mass (FSM), total fresh mass (TFM = FRM + FSM), root dry mass (RDM), shoot dry mass (SDM), total dry mass (BIO = RDM + SDM), root mass ratio (RMR = RDM/BIO), shoot mass ratio (SMR = SDM/BIO), aerial part/root system retio (AP/RS = SDM/RDM) and productivity at 110 DAS. Althougth no diferences was observed among the Trichoderma treatments and the control about yield, Trichoderma spp. strains provided better TFM (18.98 to 22.92 mg), BIO (3.37 to 4.31 mg) and root system superior to the control (14.20 and 2.44 mg, respectively) under greenhouse conditions. T. harzianum ESALQ1306 was the better strain in laboratory assyas, suggsting this isolate for applied in the seeds when it aims the promotion of initial growth.
RESUMO O mofo branco tem sido responsável por danos expressivos à cultura do feijoeiro. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de regimes de luz na produção de conídios de Trichoderma harzianum e na efetividade destes em inibir a germinação miceliogênica de escleródios de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, bem como de isolados de T. harzianum na supressão de lesões causadas por S. sclerotiorum sobre folíolos de feijoeiro. O isolado CEN287 inibiu a germinação miceliogênica de 80 % dos escleródios avaliados. Tal efetividade não se alterou quanto ao regime de luz empregado para a obtenção dos conídios de T. harzianum. Os isolados CEN287, CEN288 e CEN316 proporcionaram os menores valores médios de lesão foliar aos 10 dias após a inoculação, sendo de 4,25 mm2; 2,97 mm2; e 2,98 mm2, respectivamente. Em relação à testemunha, tais valores foram significativamente inferiores (72,90 mm2), o que impediu a rápida deterioração do tecido vegetal.
Species of Pestalotiopsis have been reported to be pathogenic to eucalypt, yet few studies have addressed their real pathogenic potential or even their diagnosis. The objective of this study was to carry out the molecular, micromorphological, physiological and pathogenic characterization of four isolates of Pestalotiopsis sp. found in eucalypt leaf spots. DNA from the isolates was extracted and PCR amplified using primers for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial β-tubulin (TUB) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) gene regions. For morphophysiological characterization, the fungal structures were measured and isolates evaluated for mycelial growth and sporulation under different light regimes (0, 12, and 24 h). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on healthy eucalypt leaves. The results revealed that (a) the amplified ITS region is too conserved to be used for identification of Pestalotiopsis species, and thus, TUB and EF1-α sequences are recommended for this purpose; (b) based on micromorphological characteristics and DNA sequences, the four isolates were identified as the new species Pestalotiopsis grandis-urophylla; (c) P. grandis-urophylla presents faster mycelial growth when cultivated in the dark, but for mass production of inoculum the light regime does not have a strong influence; and (d) the pathogenic potential varied among the P. grandisurophylla isolates.
Arugula is mainly cultivated by small producers, being a leafy vegetable susceptible to water loss and wilting after harvest, which may result in changes in appearance, texture, color (yellowing), and nutritional value of the product. Hydrocooling is a cooling method that stands out for being simple, practical and efficient. Its use is to reduce the temperature and respiratory rate of vegetables after harvesting by immersion in ice or cold water, so they can be packed and stored. This study was conducted to evaluate the hydrocooling efficiency when associated with the storage period in the postharvest shelf life of arugula leaves. Arugula leaves were subjected to ten days of storage, and measurements were taken at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 × 6 factorial scheme, consisting of three hydrocooling treatments [control (without cooling), and hydrocooling at 0 °C and 10 °C] and for six storage periods (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days) with three replicates. Fresh mass loss, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and subjective evaluation of product appearance were measured. Hydrocooling at 0 °C proved to be the most appropriate treatment when compared to control, as reported by the values of fresh mass loss, soluble solids, and titratable acidity. Hydrocooling to 0 °C slowed leaf water loss (lower respiratory rate) and resulted in better overall leaf appearance up to the sixth day of storage, thereby increasing shelf life of arugula leaves.
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