BackgroundInternational benchmarking can help identify trauma system performance issues and determine the extent to which other countries also experience these. When problems are identified, countries can look to high performers for insight into possible responses. The objective of this study was to compare the treatment and outcome of severely injured patients in Germany and Navarra, Spain.MethodsData collected, from 2010 to 2013, in the Navarra Major Trauma Registry (NMTR) and the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) were compared. Both registries followed the Utstein Trauma Template (European Core Dataset) for documentation of trauma patients. Adult patients (≥ 16 years) with New Injury Severity Score (NISS) being >15 points were included in this study. Patients who had been admitted to the hospital later than 24 h after the trauma, had been pronounced dead before hospital arrival, or had been injured by hanging, drowning or burns, were excluded.Demographic data, injury data, prehospital data, hospital treatment data, time intervals, and outcome were compared. The expected mortality was calculated using the Revised Injury Severity Classification score II (RISC II).ResultsA total of 646 and 43,110 patients were included in the outcome analysis from NMTR and TR-DGU, respectively. The difference between observed and expected mortality was −0.4% (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] 0.97; 95% CI 0.93–1.04) in Germany and 1.6% (SMR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02–1.14) in Navarra. Differences in the characteristics of trauma patients and trauma systems between the regions were noted.ConclusionThe higher observed mortality in Navarra is consistent with the epidemiological characteristics of its population. However, to improve the quality of trauma care in the Navarra trauma system, certain improvements are necessary. There were less young adults with severe injuries in Navarra than in Germany. It is possible to compare data of severely injured patients from different countries if standardized registries are used.
Batı dünyası üzerinde tesir ettiği düşünülen İbn Tufeyl’in Hay bin Yakzan isimli eseri, özellikle Danıel Defoe’nin Robinson Crusoe adlı yapıtı üzerinde ilham kaynağı olduğu çeşitli araştırmacılar tarafından ifade edilmiştir. Hay bin Yakzan karakterinin bir adada yalnız başına deneyimlediği seyr ü sulûk yolculuğu ve yaşadığı gemi kazası sonucu yaklaşık otuz yılını adada geçirmek zorunda kalan Robinson Crusoe’nin hikayelerinin anlatıldığı her iki edebi metin, ihtiva ettiği anlamlar açısından içinde bulundukları medeniyetin izlerini beraberinde taşımışlardır. Her iki metinde kendi türleri içinde kurucu metin olma niteliklerini taşımış olup, buna göre Hay b. Yakzan, Salaman ve Absal metinlerinin; Robinson Crusoe ise “Robinsonad” türünün oluşumuna etki etmiştir.
Çalışmada, ilk olarak Hay bin Yakzan ve Robinson Crusoe eserlerinin içinde bulundukları kültürdeki konumları değerlendirilmiş ve hikâyelerin ana hatları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Akabindeki bölümde ise her iki eserdeki ortak unsurlar tespit edilip, bu ortak unsurların birbirlerinden ayrışan yönleri incelenmiştir.
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