No abstract

Classification of manual ability of young children with cerebral palsy is possible between 2 and 5 years of age. For children younger than 2 years old, it should be done with caution. Further development of the MACS for children under 5 years of age is recommended with an emphasis on age-appropriate descriptions of manual abilities.

We studied the epidemiology of myasthenia gravis (MG) and the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), and their association with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and thymoma, in a well defined region of the Netherlands. Available data on all the patients with MG, LEMS, thymoma or SCLC living between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 1999 in the northern region of South Holland, with a population of 1.7 million inhabitants, were evaluated. A total of 202 patients with MG (20 with thymoma) and ten patients with LEMS (seven with SCLC) were identified. LEMS was 46 times less prevalent (2.32 x 10(-6)) than MG (106.1 x 10(-6)), whereas the annual incidence rate of LEMS was 14 times lower (0.48 x 10(-6)) than of MG (6.48 x 10(-6)), reflecting the poor survival of LEMS patients with SCLC. SCLC was diagnosed in 1593 patients, seven (0.44 %) of whom developed LEMS. Mean age at diagnosis of SCLC was significantly lower in SCLC patients with LEMS (p = 0.006). A thymoma was diagnosed in 32 patients, of whom the ten patients with MG (31 %) had a younger age at diagnosis of thymoma than the patients without MG (p = 0.27). This study confirms the increasing prevalence of MG over the last few decades as reported by others, and underscores the relative rarity of LEMS. The frequency of LEMS in our patients with SCLC was lower than reported in previous studies. In patients with a SCLC or thymoma, the tumour was diagnosed at younger age in those who had the associated myasthenic syndrome.

ObjectiveTo systematically identify similarities and differences in the way preventive youth health care (YHC) is organized in 11 European countries.MethodQuestionnaire survey to EUSUHM (European Union for School and University Health and Medicine) representatives.ResultsThe greatest similarities were found in the age range of the YHC target group and the separation of curative and preventive services. Croatia, Germany and Switzerland show the greatest differences when compared to other European countries, for example, in the access to medical records, YHC professional input and the number of examinations, immunizations and screenings. In eight countries YHC is financed by national insurances or taxation. In Germany, FYR Macedonia, the Netherlands, Russia and Switzerland, different forms of financing exist in parallel.ConclusionThe results should be interpreted as a preliminary step in mapping organizational features of YHC in Europe.