The Brazilian savanna, known as the Cerrado, is a biome with a high degree of endemism, with the potential to house many microorganisms suitable for biotechnological exploitation, especially fungi. The Cerrado soil, which is usually acidic, is a favorable environment for the growth of fungi capable of degrading lignocellulosic materials. The aim of the present study was to isolate cellulolytic filamentous fungi native to the Cerrado. Samples of soil and leaf litter were collected in three points of Cerrado State Park, located in the South of Brazil, during the rainy season in September 2014. Samples were stored in sterile plastic bags, transported at room temperature and kept at 4 ºC for three days. Filamentous fungi were isolated by successive inoculations in PDA (maintained at 30 ºC). Cellulase activity was tested in CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) medium and lipase activity was assessed in medium containing phenol red and tween 20 (incubated at 37 °C), and in medium supplemented with Rhodamine B (kept at 30 °C). We isolated a total of 28 strains, 25 produced cellulase, detected with lugol in strains grown in CMC medium (carboxymethylcellulose). The isolates were identified morphologically (color, form of growth) and by sequencing of the 18S rRNA region, with both techniques producing congruent results. One strain of Colletotrichum boninense and one strain of Trichoderma sp., both isolated from soil samples, presented the highest cellulolytic activity. All strains exhibited lipolytic activity, with enzyme production and activity influenced by temperature. The present study revealed new strains of known filamentous fungi that can be applied in biomass degradation. These strains are suitable for optimization of culture conditions, which could lead to the economic feasibility of the process.
Resíduos agroindustriais são ricos em açúcares que podem ser fermentáveis, sendo promissores na geração de produtos de alto valor agregado em processos biotecnológicos. Dentre estes produtos estão os ácidos orgânicos voláteis e álcoois. A fermentação acetona-butanol-etanol (ABE) vem sendo cada vez mais estudada de modo a aumentar a produção dos ácidos e solventes produzidos a partir destas fontes renováveis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produção de solventes e ácidos orgânicos a partir de dois substratos, glicose e água residual do processamento de farinha de mandioca (manipueira). As fermentações ABE em batelada foram realizadas com Clostridium beijerinckii (ATCC 10132)-CB, e três consórcios microbianos previamente submetidos a tratamento térmico, sendo estes o efluente de suinocultura-SM; lodo UASB da estação de tratamento de esgoto-UB; esterco bovino-CM. Enquanto que o inóculo CB obteve maior produção de butanol (1,03 g L-1) e etanol (2,31 g L-1) utilizando a manipueira como fonte de carbono, os demais inóculos exceto UB, produziram maiores quantidades de ácido butírico nas concentrações de 0,31 g L-1 (CM) e 0,13 g L-1 (SM) também com manipueira como fonte de carbono. Outros ácidos orgânicos também foram produzidos nestas fermentações. Os resultados deste estudo mostram a viabilidade do uso da manipueira como fonte de carbono na fermentação ABE para a produção de ácidos e solventes, além de promover uma forma de agregar valor a esses resíduos.
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