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Background: Green tea, obtained from the plant Camellis sinensis, is one of the oldest drinks in the world and contains numerous bioactive compounds. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of green tea in preventing obesity and cardiovascular diseases that may be related to the reduction of lipid levels. Aim: This study aimed to evidence, through a systematic review, the therapeutic potential of green tea on the lipid profile in preclinical studies in obese animals and clinical studies in obese individuals. Methods: This systematic review follows the recommendations of the preferred report items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The electronic databases, PubMed (Medline), Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science were consulted. Articles from January 2009 to December 2019 were selected. Results: This search resulted in twenty-nine articles were included cirtically reviewed. In experimental studies, green tea administration has been shown to reduce total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in animals exposed to obesity-inducing diet. In humans’ studies green tea was not shown to be effective for obese lipid control. Because supplementation with green tea extract reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein for three months at a specific dose. Conclusion: Therefore, green tea appears to act as a protective agent for dyslipidemia in obesity-induced animals. In human studies, green tea has not been shown to be effective in controlling obese lipids.

Exposure to the hight-fat diet may alter the control of food intake promoting hyperphagia and obesity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of this diet on dopamine receptors (drd1 and drd2), proopiomelanocortin (pomc), neuropeptideY (npy) genes expression, and preference food in adult rats. Wistar female rats were fed a hight-fat or control diet during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring were allocated into groups: Lactation – Control (C) and High-fat (H). Post-weaning – Control Control (CC), offspring of mothers C, fed a control diet after weaning; Control Hight-fat (CH), offspring of mothers C, fed a hight-fat diet after weaning; Hight-fat Control (HC), offspring of mothers H, fed with control diet after weaning; and Hight-fat Hight-fat (HH), offspring of mothers H, fed a H diet after weaning. The groups CH and HH presented greater expression of drd1 in comparison to the CC. The drd2 of CH and HC presented higher gene expression than did CC. HH presented higher pomc expression in comparison to the other groups. HC also presented greater expression in comparison to CH. The npy of HH presented greater expression in relation to CH and HC. HH and HC have had a higher preference for a high-fat diet at 102º life’s day. The high-fat diet altered the gene expression of the drd1, drd2, pomc and npy, and influencing the food preference for high-fat diet.

Background: HIV infection affects millions of people globally. Currently, several drugs have brought an improvement in the quality and life expectancy of these individuals, but this therapy is accompanied by several adverse effects. Objective: To conduct a systematic review with studies examining the relationship between antiretroviral therapy (ART) uses and secondary dyslipidemia. Methods: The review followed the criteria defined by PRISMA. Only articles that completely evaluated the lipid profile were included, which consisted of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-c), HDL cholesterol (HDL-c). Results: It was observed that the use of nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI and NNRTI respectively) drugs and protease inhibitors are the most used in ART and are associated with changes in lipid profiles. The main changes observed were increases in TC, TG, and LDL-c in addition to a decrease in HDL-c. These patients had a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease not only due to the use of therapy but also due to the presence of other comorbidities evaluated in these studies, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. The increase in age, the difference between genders, CD4 T-cell count, and viral load, were observed as risk factors for worsening dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Based on the present study, it was concluded that anti-HIV therapy is associated with dyslipidemia, which may be the primary cause or not, and is usually associated with several metabolic disorders that may in themselves aggravate this condition.

<p>O chá verde é considerado a segunda bebida mais popular e saudável desde a Antiguidade, perdendo apenas para a água. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma prospecção tecnológica sobre as patentes que abordam as propriedades terapêuticas do chá verde para a saúde humana. As buscas foram realizadas por meio das bases de dados de patentes, Espacenet, INPI e Patentscope, em junho de 2018, com a palavra <em>green tea</em> e o código A61K36/82. Quanto ao número de depósitos de patentes por ano, é possível notar um aumento (mesmo com algumas oscilações) desse número ao longo dos anos. A Coreia do Sul, os EUA e a China são os países com maior número de patentes. Em relação às aplicações terapêuticas das patentes desenvolvidas do chá verde, nota-se que o tratamento dermatológico é o que mais se destaca, seguido do tratamento para excesso de peso e tratamento de doenças metabólicas.</p><p id="docs-internal-guid-27f87f6f-7fff-f67e-8300-83113487bba5" dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></p>

Several foods and nutrients are being studied extensively because they have a positive effect on thermogenesis and the browning of white adipose tissue. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate, through a systematic review, the effect of green tea for inducing browning of adipose tissue. The systematic review was built following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyze. We searched the following electronic databases: PubMed (Medline), Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. We included ten experimental articles that used green tea to treat induced obesity in rodents. Green tea reduced the weight of white and brown adipose tissue, positively regulated gene expression and microRNA that regulate the metabolism of adipose tissue, and morphological changes were identified as beige tissue. According to the results found, the factors involved in this induction to browning are PPARγ, PGC-1α, UCP1, CPT, and PRDM16. Therefore, green tea promotes the browning of adipose tissue in rodents. It is important to emphasize the need for studies in obese humans to identify whether the same metabolic response occurs.

This systematic review examined the effects of paternal exposure to a high-fat diet on the likelihood of offspring developing health consequences, including metabolic conditions. While the connection between a mother's diet and offspring health has been well established, our understanding of whether offspring health is affected by a father's diet remains limited. This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. The PubMed, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases were searched using combinations of the MESH terms: obesogenic diet, high-fat diet, cafeteria diet, paternal diet, parental diet, programming, paternal effects, and paternal programming. Sixteen studies were selected after assessing articles for eligibility criteria. The main outcomes concerning offspring health related to metabolic disorders. The offspring of fathers exposed to a high-fat diet displayed elevated gene expression and serum levels of leptin, decreased gene expression and serum levels of adiponectin, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, changes in the transcriptome of pancreatic islet tissues, increased triglycerides, and increased expression of HIGHLIGHTS  The main consequences for the offspring are correlated to metabolic health.  Paternal exposure to a high-fat diet induces insulin resistance on offspring.  In female offspring induces increased risks of breast cancer.  In male offspring induces renal injury and increased triglycerides. 2 Gonçalves, M. S.; et al.

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