A levana é formada por unidades de frutose e produzida por micro-organismos a partir da fermentação de um meio de cultura contendo sacarose e sais minerais. É um biopolímero com aplicações industriais usado na área alimentícia (fixador de cores e sabores, espessante e estabilizante) e também na farmacêutica (substituto de plasma sanguíneo, imunomodulador, anticarcinogênico e hipocolesterolêmico). Esse trabalho teve como objetivo abordar especificamente aspectos relacionados ao delineamento da produção de levana pela bactéria Zymomonas mobilis CCT 4494, variando os parâmetros de uma fermentação submersa. As condições para a fermentação e produção foram avaliadas por um planejamento fatorial e foi aplicada a metodologia de superfície de resposta. Os resultados demonstram que o baixo valor de p encontrado para o intercepto levana (Y1), indicou que os níveis estudados nesta pesquisa foram bem escolhidos e que o coeficiente de regressão da equação descreveu o experimento acima de 99% de confiança. Das variáveis independentes analisadas, a agitação e sua combinação binária com a temperatura apresentaram as maiores diferenças significativas nos resultados. O maior cultivo do biopolímero foi de 10,58 g.L-1 de levana. Os valores de levana e da biomassa reduziram significativamente em temperaturas superiores a 30 °C e o produto da fermentação, como o crescimento de Zymomonas mobilis CCT 4494, foram proporcionais ao aumento da concentração de sacarose testada.
The production of an alternative form of fuel that replaces fossil fuels has been increasingly studied due to the environmental impacts generated by its excessive use, as well as the depletion of these fossil energy sources. Ethanol obtained from the crushing of sugar cane has been used as a substitute for these fuels, mainly in the automotive area. However, alternative sources are being studied to produce the so called second generation bioethanol. This would avoid competition for food producing agricultural areas and agroindustrial waste is a great source for obtaining it. In general, these residues are not always completely reused and are disposed of inappropriately in the environment, becoming contaminants. Therefore, the use of agroindustrial waste can become a renewable source of energy, in addition to reducing environmental impacts. The objective of this work is to produce second generation bioethanol as an alternative to the one currently used, using the rice husk hydrolyzate by the consortium formed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilus. For this, an acid hydrolysis was performed with 2% sulfuric acid during 10 minutes of heating in an autoclave, after which the hydrolyzate was detoxified with the use of activated carbon. The crude and detoxified hydrolysates were used as a substrate for the fermentation medium with an initial concentration of 50 mg/mL of reducing sugars. The fermentation process with the use of both yeasts in the crude hydrolyzate medium, in the detoxified medium and in a synthetic medium composed of glucose, was carried out for 24 h, 30º C, 0 rpm and pH 6.5. The best results for the ethanol production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the synthetic medium with 20.6 mg/mL. For the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus, its highest production was in a synthetic medium with 11.67 mg/mL. The intercropping of the two yeasts proved to be efficient with a greater ethanol production reaching 21.5 mg/mL, the hydrolyzed and detoxified media showed great potential for ethanol production both in intercropping and in monoculture.
Selection and isolation of fungi strains and the use of banana peel a suport for lipases production Isolamento e seleção de linhagens fúngicas e o uso da casca de banana como suporte para produção de lipases
A cerveja é uma das bebidas alcoólica mais consumida em todo o mundo, sendo que, o Brasil é o terceiro maior consumidor e produtor dessa bebida. O principal estilo de cerveja consumida no mundo são as cervejas da família Lager, no geral produzidas em indústrias em larga escala e na apresentação pilsen. Porém, no cenário atual do setor cervejeiro, percebe-se que a produção artesanal de cerveja obteve um grande crescimento e nesse meio, as cervejas da família Ale, que são cervejas de alta fermentação, tem se destacado por caracterizar cervejas com gostos, aromas e cores diferentes das cervejas tradicionais, devido a sua alta concentração de lúpulo e outros ingredientes. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi embasar teoricamente a produção de cervejas artesanais, em especial, a cerveja American BarleyWine, que apresenta pouco estudo. A tradução literal deste estilo indica que é uma cerveja com característica semelhantes ao vinho devido ao alto teor alcoólico, tempo longo de maturação e a sua cor âmbar a vermelho escuro.
The production of an alternative form of fuel that replaces fossil fuels has been increasingly studied due to the environmental impacts generated by its excessive use, as well as the depletion of these fossil energy sources. Ethanol obtained from the crushing of sugar cane has been used as a substitute for these fuels, mainly in the automotive area. However, alternative sources are being studied to produce the so called second generation bioethanol. This would avoid competition for food producing agricultural areas and agroindustrial waste is a great source for obtaining it. In general, these residues are not always completely reused and are disposed of inappropriately in the environment, becoming contaminants. Therefore, the use of agroindustrial waste can become a renewable source of energy, in addition to reducing environmental impacts. The objective of this work is to produce second generation bioethanol as an alternative to the one currently used, using the rice husk hydrolyzate by the consortium formed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilus . For this, an acid hydrolysis was performed with 2% sulfuric acid during 10 minutes of heating in an autoclave, after which the hydrolyzate was detoxified with the use of activated carbon. The crude and detoxified hydrolysates were used as a substrate for the fermentation medium with an initial concentration of 50 mg/mL of reducing sugars. The fermentation process with the use of both yeasts in the crude hydrolyzate medium, in the detoxified medium and in a synthetic medium composed of glucose, was carried out for 24 h, 30º C, 0 rpm and pH 6.5.The best results for the ethanol production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the synthetic medium with 20.6 mg/mL. For the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus , its highest production was in a synthetic medium with 11.67 mg/mL. The intercropping of the two yeasts proved to be efficient with a greater ethanol production reaching 21.5 mg/mL, the hydrolyzed and detoxified media showed great potential for ethanol production both in intercropping and in monoculture
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