<p>The intracratonic Paran&#225; Basin and its western extension - Chaco-Paran&#225; Basin - are located in the south-central portion of South America and cover an area of about &#160;~1.8 million km<sup>2</sup>, including portions in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay. The Early Permian epicontinental sea was shallow and likely connected with the Panthalassa in the southern portion of Uruguay (Lavina, 1992). The transgressive sedimentary succession of the Guat&#225; Group is composed of coastal plain and shallow marine deposits (Rio Bonito Formation), in complex associations due to base level fluctuations and irregular deglaciation paleotopography, and offshore-transitional deposits (Palermo Formation) (Lavina and Lopes, 1987). The Rio Bonito Formation is mostly preserved within paleovalleys carved by glaciers and tectonic. The tidal-influence in this formation occurs throughout the succession and are mainly characterized by medium- to coarse-grained arkosic and quartz sandstones with uni- and bidirectional cross-bedding, herring-bone cross-bedding, tidal bundles, reactivation surfaces, mud drapes, and double mud drapes (Fritzen et al., 2019; Lopes and Lavina, 2001). Besides the tidal sedimentological aspects, the conditions that governed tide in this epicontinental sea are poorly understood. In this work, we present a theoretical perspective on the behavior of tides in the Paran&#225; Basin epicontinental sea during the Early Permian. Mathematical models were applied to test the existence of amphidromic points in the basin, to verify the possibility of resonance, as well as to test the tidal amplification inside two paleovalleys. The obtained results were compared to Hudson Bay, considered here a modern analog. According to the paleogeography, paleolatitude (Southern Hemisphere), depositional records and insights from the modern analog, the studied Early Permian epicontinental sea likely had bear more than one clockwise-rotation amphidromic system. Resonant effects may also have affected circulation, especially at sea depth below 100 m. In the simulated scenarios, tidal amplification in both valleys was variable but concentrated between micro to mesotidal amplitudes. This is the first contribution to the understanding of the tidal behavior of the Early Permian epicontinental sea.</p><p>&#160;</p><p>References:</p><p>Fritzen, M.R., Cagliari, J., Candido, M., Lavina, E.L., 2019. Tidal bar cyclicity record in the Lower Permian (Rio Bonito Formation of the Paran&#225; Basin). Sedimentary Geology 381, 76-83.</p><p>Lavina, E.L., 1992. Geologia sedimentar e paleogeografia do Neopermiano e Eotriassico (intervalo Kanzaniano - Scythiano) da Bacia do Parana. Ph.D. Thesis, UFRGS University.</p><p>Lavina, E.L., Lopes, R.C., 1987. A Transgress&#227;o Marinha do Permiano Inferior e a Evolu&#231;&#227;o Paleogeogr&#225;fica do Supergrupo Tubar&#227;o no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Paula-Coutiana 1, 51-103.</p><p>Lopes, R.C., Lavina, E.L., 2001. Estratigrafia de sequ&#234;ncias nas Forma&#231;&#245;es Rio Bonito e Palermo (Bacia do Paran&#225;), na regi&#227;o carbon&#237;fera do Jacu&#237;, Rio Grande do Sul, in: Severiano Ribeiro, H.J.P. (Ed.), Estratigrafia de sequ&#234;ncias: fundamentos e aplica&#231;&#245;es. Edunisinos, S&#227;o Leopoldo, pp. 391-419.</p>
Pollen and spore palynomorph diversity on Rio Grande do Sul inner continental shelf, southern Brazil. The knowledge of modern pollen and spore morphology are very important to consistent palynomorph identifications and robust interpretations on past vegetation and climate change. The objective of this work was to describe pollen and spore palynomorph assemblage over Rio Grande do Sul inner continental shelf, to facilitate and improve palynomorph descriptions and interpretations. The Rio Grande do Sul coastal area is NE/SW oriented, extends for over 600 km, and has two inlets, Patos and Tramandaí lagoons. The water masses that influence this region are Subantarctic Shelf Water, Tropical Water and south Atlantic Central Water, beyond two freshwater sources, from Rio de la Plata estuary and Patos lagoon. The wind circulation there is strongly seasonal, predominantly NE during summer and SW during winter. The surface sediments were sampled in two sites: (i) 48 samples from Balneário Hermenegildo (REMPLAC Project) and (ii) 5 samples from 'Amazônia Azul' Project, at Patos lagoon inlet area. We have identified the following families: one family of Bryophyta: Anthocerothaceae; eight families
<p align="justify"><span lang="en-US">Situated on the northern coast of the Rio Grande do Sul state, in the southern region of Brazil, the Torres municipality contains beautiful landscapes, with a variety of natural sights such as great dunes, lagoons, and its famous volcanic rock natural towers. The main geological processes that sculpted this region are associated with wind activity and the numerous rises and falls of the sea level that occurred between the Pleistocene to the present day. Torres is a highly popular tourist beach, and sees its population grow by nearly 500% during the summer months.&#160;Due to it being a tourism hotspot and its incredible geodiversity, Torres is one of the main areas of the &#8220;Caminhos dos C&#226;nions do Sul&#8221; Geopark (CCSG), a 2,830 km</span><sup><span lang="en-US">2</span></sup><span lang="en-US"> area that encompasses seven municipalities situated at the boundary of the Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states. The geopark has three pillars, education, geoconservation, and tourism, and it aims to boost the economic, sociocultural, and environmental growth of the region in a sustainable manner. The geopark also seeks to help in the preservation of geological sites that most represent its regional diversity, such as the great Juro-Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary rock towers that give the city of Torres its name&#160;(which translates from the Portuguese to &#8220;Towers&#8221;). These structures, which can be seen throughout Torres&#8217; coastline, are composed mostly of the basalts of the Serra Geral Group, which overlay the sandstones of the Botucatu paleodesert. In this municipality, the CCSG has, through lectures, itinerant exhibitions, training courses, and participation in cultural and scientific events, helped increase public consciousness regarding the importance of preserving and valorizing the area's geoheritage. In this work, we present a project developed through a partnership involving the Torres prefecture, the CCSG, and the GeoRoteiros group, which has as its objective the installation of information plaques about the geological evolution of the &#8220;Morros Testemunhos&#8221; and the state's Coastal Plain. We plan to install 10 plaques throughout the beach, each displaying didactic images and texts in an accessible language for the general public. The information available on these plaques will be summarized; in case the reader wishes to learn more, a QR Code will be available to take them to the websites of the organizing institutions, where they can not only read additional information, but also watch videos discussing the geosites of the geopark. This is a pilot project which will ascertain the viability of developing similar projects for the other municipalities that compose the CCSG.</span></p>
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