Echocardiography is an invaluable technique for the diagnosis of heart disease. The aim of this study was to develop 3-D models of healthy and diseased hearts of dogs and cats, and to evaluate their effectiveness in assisting veterinary undergraduates to understand echocardiographic imaging planes. Resin models depicting the main echocardiographic imaging planes of normal hearts were created, as well as example hearts with features of mitral degeneration in dogs and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats. After a theoretical class, fourth-year students were randomly assigned to one of two groups (model group or control group). The model group had access to the 3-D models, along with self-explanatory text about echocardiographic imaging planes; the control group only had access to the self-explanatory text. Both groups were allowed 2 weeks to study their allocated resources, after which the students undertook an assessment to evaluate their learning and completed a questionnaire about their experiences and satisfaction with the respective teaching method. A total of 39 students participated in the study, 19 in the model group and 20 in the control group. Students assigned to the model group spent more time studying ( p = 0.0027). The proportion of students who achieved a satisfactory grade in the assessment was 89.5% in the model group and 60% in the control group ( p = 0.0449). The 3-D models facilitated, and significantly improved, the identification of cardiac structures and disease-associated abnormalities, and the learning process in general. Additionally, the models seemed to provide greater student motivation for studying echocardiography.
There are three categories of free roaming dogs: those with an owner, community dogs and abandoned dogs. These free-roaming dogs are vulnerable to animal cruelty and can cause traffic accidents and affect human health through transmission of zoonoses and bite injuries. The physical and ownership status of these dogs is unknown in most cities. The objective of this study was to report findings of physical evaluation and determine the ownership status of free roaming dogs in the municipality of Campo Magro, Paraná, Brazil. Whilst surveying stay dog populations to estimate numbers, observational physical assessment and interviews with passersby about the ownership of the animals were conducted. Of the 240 dogs counted, 46.7% (112/240) were classified as “dog with owner, 29.2% (70/240) as “community dog” and 24.2% (58/240) as “abandoned dog”; 63.8% (153/240) were male, 22.9% (35/153) were neutered. Most animals (75.4%; 181/240) had an ideal body score, but lower body condition scores were found in community and abandoned dogs (p <0.05). Abandoned animals had significantly more skin nodules (p<0.05) and higher prevalence of pruritus was observed in community dogs (p<0.05). These results demonstrate the need for a population management program for dogs which includes strategies for reproductive control, animal health care and promotion of responsible guardianship.
A presença de rim supranumerário ocorre pela duplicação dos rins e ureteres, sendo esta uma condição rara, tanto na medicina quanto na medicina veterinária. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná, um cão da raça Golden Retriever, com 9 anos de idade, pesando 32,6 Kg, não castrado, para checkup e tratamento periodontal. Dentre os exames complementares, foi solicitada ultrassonografia abdominal, que evidenciou a presença de um rim supranumerário medindo 8,78 cm de comprimento, cranial à vesícula urinária. A relação rim/aorta se encontrava preservada (6,64 cm) e durante exame Doppler, observou-se que o rim apresentava vascularização. O paciente veio a óbito 8 meses depois, em decorrência de pancreatite, em outra clínica, impossibilitando a realização de novos exames para avaliar a funcionalidade do órgão supranumerário e necropsia.
Palpation is a method that is part of the physical examination in veterinary routine, in which there are different types of consistency, such as hard, firm, soft, smooth, fluctuating and crackling. The aim of this study was the confection of a teaching model for consistencies palpation. It was used low cost and easily acquisition materials, as latex balloons filled by different materials (plaster, silicone, water, stones and flour) and uncoated steel wool. The filled balloons and steel wool were placed on a MDF board and covered with fabric. The model was validated by 29 veterinary doctors, including professors and residents. The model was evaluated positively by the majority of professionals.
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