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Notas de Población N° 105 • julio-diciembre de 2017 Evolución reciente de las uniones consensuales entre los jóvenes del Uruguay Notas de Población N° 105 • julio-diciembre de 2017

  Desde la década del setenta se han venido produciendo una serie de importantes transformaciones en las tendencias de nupcialidad en el Uruguay. Diversos estudios han evidenciado tres grandes cambios: el retraso del calendario conyugal, el incremento de las uniones consensuales y el aumento en la intensidad de las disoluciones conyugales. Estas transformaciones han afectado significativamente la dinámica conyugal de las mujeres uruguayas, tornándola más compleja y configurando diversos patrones de unión y desunión. Bajo este panorama, esta investigación describe los itinerarios conyugales de las mujeres del Gran Montevideo de entre 15 y 30 años a través de la construcción de una tipología de trayectorias; y analiza las similitudes, diferencias y variaciones entre e intra estratos sociales y generaciones, corroborando la existencia de significativos niveles de heterogeneidad en dichas trayectorias en la población más joven e importantes diferencias de calendario entre estratos socioeconómicos.

Diabetic patients commonly have increased urinary excretion of zinc, although blood concentrations may be normal, lowered, or raised. We analyzed zinc levels in plasma and urine after an intravenous overload of zinc sulphate (8 mg) in 22 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 22 healthy individuals. No significant differences were found in basal levels of serum zinc in either group (111 +/- 29 micrograms/dl in IDDM vs 119 +/- 19 micrograms/dl in controls), although urinary excretion of zinc was significantly raised in diabetics (1396 +/- 622 micrograms/24 h) versus controls (611 +/- 235 micrograms/24 h). After zinc overload, both serum and urinary levels of this element varied between the two groups. Serum zinc in IDDM patients initially increased more markedly, and subsequently showed a more significant decline, than in controls. Urinary zinc levels in IDDM patients, in contrast to control values, showed no increase after overload. These alterations in serum and urinary zinc concentrations suggest that our diabetic patients may be zinc-deficient.

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BACKGROUND In Uruguay, the recent phase of fertility decline started in the late 1990s, a decade after deep changes in the family dynamics took root in the country. The order and timing of the two phenomena gave weight to the notion that the changes in the family dynamics caused fertility to drop below population replacement level. OBJECTIVE Our goal is to assess whether or not separation, divorce, and repartnering have been related to the recent decrease in fertility in Uruguay. METHODS We use data from a retrospective survey and a three-pronged strategy: (1) we compare the contribution to fertility and its evolution across cohorts of three broad steps of the conjugal history; (2) we estimate the effect of each of these steps on the hazard of having the next child; (3) we predict and compare the fertility, actual and counterfactual, of women who ended and women who did not end their first union. We investigate especially how union dissolution affects fertility and how patterns vary by educational levels. RESULTS Ending the first union reduces the fertility of Uruguayan women, and this reduction was larger among the low-educated women from the oldest cohort than it is in the youngest one. It could be very small among the highly educated of the youngest cohort. CONTRIBUTION We show that among Uruguayan women, the negative effect of union dissolution on fertility seems to decrease as dissolution becomes more common and occurs earlier, and

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