The long-term outcome of acute lymphoblastic leukemia has improved dramatically due to the development of more effective treatment strategies. L-asparaginase (ASNase) is one of the main drugs used and causes death of leukemic cells by systematically depleting the non-essential amino acid asparagine. Three main types of ASNase have been used so far: native ASNase derived from Escherichia coli , an enzyme isolated from Erwinia chrysanthemi and a pegylated form of the native E. coli ASNase, the ASNase PEG. Hypersensitivity reactions are the main complication related to this drug. Although clinical allergies may be important, a major concern is that antibodies produced in response to ASNase may cause rapid inactivation of ASNase, leading to a worse prognosis. This reaction is commonly referred to as "silent hypersensitivity" or "silent inactivation". We are able to analyze hypersensitivity and inactivation processes by the measurement of the ASNase activity. The ability to individualize the ASNase therapy in patients, adjusting the dose or switching patients with silent inactivation to an alternate ASNase preparation may help improve outcomes in those patients. This review article aims to describe the pathophysiology of the inactivation process, how to diagnose it and finally how to manage it.
O clima e o solo tem uma estreita relação com a vegetação de uma determinada localidade. Visando entender melhor essa dinâmica no ambiente do cerrado, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar na região de Diamantina, Vale do Jequitinhonha, MG, a interação dos elementos climáticos entre fitofisionomias de Campo Rupestre e Cerrado Rupestre, assim como relacionar as características edáficas, e florísticas com o clima. Os elementos climáticos utilizados para caracterizar os ambientes de cerrado foram a temperatura, a umidade relativa do ar, a pressão real e de saturação do vapor de água, o déficit de pressão do vapor do ar, a velocidade e a direção do vento, a precipitação, a radiação solar global e a amplitude térmica. Utilizaram-se para tanto os dados obtidos em duas estações meteorológicas automáticas localizadas próximas aos dois ambientes. O ambiente de Campo Rupestre se distingue do Cerrado Rupestre, principalmente pela maior velocidade do vento, menor umidade relativa do ar máxima, menor pressão real e de saturação do vapor de água, menor temperatura máxima e média e menor amplitude térmica. O efeito em conjunto das variáveis climáticas, somado ao embasamento geológico aparente, discutidos neste estudo, justifica a diferença fitofisionômica observada entre o Cerrado Rupestre e o Campo Rupestre.
Summary Our group recently showed that the (ASNase) formulation available in Brazil from 2017 to 2018 when used at the same dose and frequency as the formulation provided previously did not reach the activity considered therapeutic. Based on these, our goal was to assess the impact of these facts on the prognosis of children with ALL at different oncology centers. A multicentre retrospective observational study followed by a prospective follow‐up. Patients aged >1 and <18 years in first‐line treatment followed up at 10 referral centres, between 2014 and 2018 who received the formulation Leuginase® were identified (Group B). For each patient, the centre registered 2 patients who received ASNase in the presentation of Aginasa® exclusively (Group A). Data collection was registered using (Redcap®). A total of 419 patients were included; 282 in Group A and 137 in B. Group A had a 3‐year OS and EFS of 91·8% and 84·8% respectively, while Group B had a 3‐year OS of 83·8% (P = 0·003) and EFS of 76·1% (P = 0·008). There was an impact on 3‐year OS and EFS of children who received a formulation. This result highlights the importance of evaluating ASNase and monitoring its activity.
SUMMARYLychnophora pohlii Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae), known as "Arnica mineira", is widely used in folk medicine and very abundant in the altitude vegetation of rocky grassland. The aim of this work was to study the density of this species and its relationship with soil parameters in rocky grassland in Diamantina, in the Upper Jequitinhonha region, Minas Gerais. Ten contiguous 20 x 50 m plots were marked (total sampled area 10,000 m²) on the campus Juscelino Kubitschek of the Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM). The plants in these plots were evaluated for frequency, dominance and density. The relationship between the density of this species with nine soil physical and chemical properties was analyzed by means of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The highest plant abundance (I) of the species Lychnophora pohlii Sch. Bip. was found in the vegetation sampling areas: plot 6 with 255 plants, plot 7 with 173, plot 8 with 189, plot 9 with 159, and plot 1 with 151 plants. In these areas, the floristic soil characteristics were similar, resulting in spatial proximity in the ACC diagrams. The density of Lychnophora pohlii was higher in plots with higher pH, P-rem and base saturation, the variables most strongly correlated with the first axis of canonical correspondence analysis.Index terms: rocky grassland, savanna, forest soils, canonical correspondence analysis.( de número 6, com 255 indivíduos; 7, com 173; 8, com 189; 9, com 159; e 1, com
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