We show how hand-centred visual representations could develop in the primate posterior parietal and premotor cortices during visually guided learning in a self-organizing neural network model. The model incorporates trace learning in the feed-forward synaptic connections between successive neuronal layers. Trace learning encourages neurons to learn to respond to input images that tend to occur close together in time. We assume that sequences of eye movements are performed around individual scenes containing a fixed hand-object configuration. Trace learning will then encourage individual cells to learn to respond to particular hand-object configurations across different retinal locations. The plausibility of this hypothesis is demonstrated in computer simulations.
Working papers of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed in working papers are attributable to the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute.
El artículo aborda la problemática del proceso de envejecimiento y la etapa de la vejez en Uruguay así como la construcción de interdisciplina realizada en torno a esta temática en el país. Para ello, se traza en primer lugar el panorama de la agenda política y social desde los distintos actores que han intervenido entre los cuales ubicamos al Centro Interdisciplinario de Envejecimiento. Luego se realiza un recorrido teórico y metodológico abordando las dificultades y desafíos que implica trabajar desde la interdisciplina en el análisis del envejecimiento y la vejez. Los resultados apuntan a cierta consolidación en la construcción interdisciplinaria pero no carente de obstáculos que es necesario contemplar si se quiere afianzar este enfoque, reafirmando la idea del trabajo interdisciplinario en interacción con los propios actores de la sociedad civil que incluya la reflexión sobre los paradigmas vigentes en las políticas públicas y que están presentes en el discurso de los diferentes actores en juego en las mismas.
Adultos mayores y monitoreo de derechos. Alcances y limitaciones de las fuentes de información en Argentina y Uruguay Elderly population and monitoring rights. Scope and limitations of information sources in Argentina and Uruguay
From March 2020 to March 2022, more than 7,000 deaths from the COVID-19 disease were recorded in Uruguay,of which only 2% occurred in 2020. However, urban mobility made its greatest decrease in this firstyear of pandemic, falling to 57% in April 2020 from levels recorded before the virus arrivedto Uruguay. These transformations affected the patterns of contagion of the SARs-COV-2 virus, maintaining levels ofvery low viral circulation for the international concert during 2020, but also affected the behavior of theother causes of death and the general health of the population. This paper analyzes the behavior of mortalityby COVID-19 and other causes of death for 2020, the last year for which information is available published bythe Ministry of Public Health for deaths by cause, age and sex. First, the potential years are estimatedof life lost due to COVID-19 and other selected causes for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021. Second, it isbreak down by age and cause of death the gap in the values of life expectancy in 2020 and in previous years(2015-2019). This estimation makes it possible to identify which causes of death and age groups gained or lost years oflife expectancy in this period. The results show that, unlike what happened in several countries in the region and theIn the world, in Uruguay excess mortality was not recorded, but, on the contrary, years of life expectancy were gainedcompared to the pre-pandemic period. These gains were concentrated in the older age groups, in mortality fromrespiratory diseases, circulatory system and external causes, and were higher in men than in women
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