<p>Talas (Colocasia esculenta L.) merupakan salah satu makanan pokok penduduk asli Papua dan tersebar di hampir semua wilayah Papua. Untuk menjaga kelestarian dan mencegah punahnya aksesi lokal talas, BPTP Balitbangtan Papua melakukan eksplorasi dan karakterisasi sumber daya genetik (plasma nutfah) talas di enam kecamatan yang menyebar di empat kabupaten/kota dan terkumpul sepuluh aksesi. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengoleksi dan mengarakterisasi aksesi talas lokal Papua. Kegiatan terdiri dari koleksi, karakterisasi, dan dokumentasi. Pengumpulan data awal aksesi meliputi nama lokal, manfaat bagi masyarakat lokal dan umur panen diperoleh melalui wawancara ke penduduk setempat, sedangkan pengamatan karakter tanaman dilakukan melalui karakterisasi dan dokumentasi. Karakterisasi dilakukan berdasarkan Descriptors for Taro dari International Plant Genetic Resources Institute dan Panduan Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi Plasma Nutfah Talas dari Komisi Nasional Plasma Nutfah meliputi rentang tanaman, tinggi tanaman, jumlah stolon, panjang daun, lebar daun, rasio panjang pelepah/panjang petiol, warna helai daun, warna tulang daun, pola tulang daun, bentuk permukaan helai daun, irisan melintang petiol, lapisan lilin, bentuk umbi, warna kulit ari, warna daging umbi, panjang umbi, lebar umbi, dan bobot umbi. Berdasarkan hasil eksplorasi diperoleh sepuluh aksesi talas lokal Papua dengan ciri-ciri umum warna batang hijau, ungu dan merah yang yang memiliki umur panen yang sama, yaitu 6–9 bulan. Warna daun dominan hijau dengan warna tulang daun yang bervariasi yaitu putih, kuning, hijau, merah muda, dan ungu. Keseluruhan pola tulang daun berbentuk ”Y” dengan bentuk permukaan helai daun secara dominan tegak dengan ujung ke bawah. Delapan aksesi memiliki irisan melintang petiol tertutup dan tidak ada lapisan lilin pada permukaan daun. Sepuluh aksesi tersebut memiliki warna daging umbi yang berbeda-beda seperti putih, krem, putih keunguan dan ungu muda. Bentuk umbi adalah silindris, elips, kerucut, dan membulat. Tujuh aksesi memiliki tinggi tanaman >1 meter, enam aksesi memiliki jumlah stolon >5 dan berpotensi untuk dibudidayakan dalam skala luas. Panjang umbi berkisar antara 10–23 cm dengan lebar 5–10 cm. Satu aksesi memiliki bobot umbi yang tergolong tinggi yaitu 800 gram dan berpotensi menghasilkan tepung yang lebih banyak.</p>
<p>Papua has very diverse genetic resources such as “gembili”. Gembili has a high spiritual and cultural value especially in Kanum tribe in Merauke. The purpose of this activity was to characterize and conserve the local gembili from Papua to provide basic information for breeding purposes. Another objective was to identify the potency of gembili as a staple food alternative for substituting the rice. Characterization was performed on eight accessions of local gembili from Papua which were explored from Merauke and Jayapura. The twenty eights characters of leaves, stems, and tubers were observed on eight accessions from Merauke and Jayapura Regency. Based on this activity there was no difference in the appearance of seven character leaves of thirteen characters observed. The appearances of gembili stems on all the observed characters were generally the same. Furthermore, the<br />appearance of tubers on ten characters showed different results. Seven accessions had the shapes of oval tubers while Orofe accession had oblong circular shape. The outer skin color of the tubers in general was brown, while the colors of the epidermis and tuber meat were varied, i.e. white (white, white-yellow, white-purple) and purple (violet, purple, red-purple). Yara Hasai accession had the highest number and weight of tubers compared to other accessions. The carbohydrates in gembili almost the same or more<br />with carbohydrates found in rice, which is 22.5–31.3%. In other words, gembili had potential as a staple food substitute for rice because of its nutritional contents.</p>
Banana plants are a food source that has good prospects. This is because bananas are very popular with all groups, and are easy to grow in tropical areas. There are many varieties of wild and cultivated bananas that grow in Indonesia, one of which grows around Lake Sentani, causing differences in morphological characters between types and between varieties of bananas. The purpose of this study was to determine the phenetic diversity of local Sentani bananas based on morphological characters. The research was conducted in June-October 2022 in five villages around Lake Sentani, namely Ayapo, Yahim, Kampung Harapan, Doyo and Netar using the exploration method and interviewing key informants. For morphological identification using banana descriptor guidelines from the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Morphological character data were analyzed in a quantitative descriptive manner using the NTSYs 2.01 application program. The results showed that there were 15 local banana cultivars based on the knowledge of the Sentani people. Based on the phenogram, the local Sentani bananas are grouped into two groups based on the character of the shape, size, color, taste, and color of the organs of the leaves, stems, flowers and fruit. The local banana cultivars have wide phenetic diversity with similarity coefficient values ranging from 20-73%. The closest similarity value is found in Hoyombi and Wabulu cultivars with a similarity value of 73%. The furthest similarity value was found in the Rawo and Anakhola cultivars in group A, and the Olukhu and Honggambu cultivars in group B with a value of 53%. Key words: diversity; characters; morphology; bananas; Sentani.
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