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Structured Abstract Introduction Planning successful treatment for the correction of anatomic abnormalities of the upper airways, by surgical advancement of the mandible, depends on extensive knowledge of the pharyngeal airway space (PAS). However, there is limited scientific evidence about changes in PAS after mandibular advancement surgery. Aim To evaluate the immediate changes in superior posterior airway space (SPAS) in Class II patients, after mandibular advancement surgery. Materials and Methods A cephalometric evaluation of 37 patients with skeletal Class II deformity was performed at 2 distinct time intervals: Pre‐operative (T0) and immediate post‐operative (T1), using Dolphin Image & Management Solutions, version 11.9, according to the method of Arnett/Gunson FAB Surgery. The differences due to the surgical intervention were assessed with Student's t test, and a Principal Component Analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between mandibular advancement and SPAS variables. Anticlockwise and clockwise rotation groups were also evaluated with Mann‐Whitney tests. The statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS and R assuming a 0.05 level of significance. Results As an effect of mandibular advancement, an anteroposterior statistically significant increase in SPAS (P < 0.001) was perceived at all points measured. Conclusion Our findings indicate that mandibular advancement surgery is a viable option to achieve widening of the SPAS in patients with Class II skeletal morphology.

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Introduction: Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most frequent subtype of glaucoma. Relatives of primary open-angle glaucoma patients have an increased risk of developing the disease, suggesting a genetic predisposition to the disease. MYOC was the first primary open-angle glaucoma-causing gene identified. This study aimed to identify sequence variations in the MYOC gene that may be responsible for the phenotype in a group of primary open-angle glaucoma patients from the Centre Region of Portugal.Material and Methods: The three coding exons and the proximal splicing junctions of the MYOC gene were studied using a PCR sequencing approach in a group of 99 primary open-angle glaucoma patients.Results: The sequencing analysis enabled the identification of 20 variants, including four in the promoter region, seven in the introns and nine in exons one and three, of which four were missense variants.Discussion: Initially, all four missense sequence variations identified were considered candidates to glaucoma causing disease mutations. However, after literature review, only variant c.1334C>T (Ala445Val) remained as likely responsible for mild late-onset normal tension glaucoma.Conclusion: This is the first study performed in a group of primary open-angle glaucoma patients from the Centre Region of Portugal, contributing to the identification of one genetic variant in the MYOC gene and reinforcing the hypothesis that normal tension glaucoma could be also due to MYOC gene mutations.