The pathogenic potential of Blastocystis sp. in experimental models
requires further investigation. In this work, the pathogenicity of this parasite in
the gastrointestinal tract of male Swiss mice was evaluated according to the inoculum
size and period of infection. Animals were infected intragastrically, with 100, 500,
1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 Blastocystis sp. vacuolar forms obtained
from a mixture of eight human isolates cultured axenically in Jones' medium. After
seven, 14, 21, 28 and 60 days of infection, the animals were sacrificed and fragments
of the small intestine (duodenum), large intestine, and cecum were subjected to
histopathological analysis. Blastocystis sp. triggered an
inflammatory response in the different tissues analyzed, with a predominance of
mononuclear cells. The parasite was found in the muscular layer of the cecum, showing
its invasive character. Larger inocula triggered inflammatory processes earlier
(seven days) than smaller ones (from 21 days). We conclude that, in the proposed
model, the pathogenicity of Blastocystis sp. isolates that were
studied is related to inoculum size and period of infection.
Introduction: Cases of bacterial resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) have increased significantly, mainly due to indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms isolated in urine cultures of patients of Consórcio Intermunicipal de Saúde da Comunidade dos Municípios da Região de Campo Mourão (CIS-COMCAM) clinical laboratory. Method: We performed a retrospective study of data from urine culture and sensitivity done between January 2012 and December 2013. Results: The most prevalent bacteria were Escherichia coli; women were the most affected gender and people 16-45 years, the most affected age group. The sensitivity profile showed that the antimicrobial combination trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole was not associated with the highest rate of bacterial resistance (59.7%) and the combination of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid showed the lowest resistance rate (15.3%). For most antimicrobials, including ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, the rates of bacterial resistance have increased from 2012 to 2013 with statistical significance (p < 0.05) in some cases. Discussion: The prevalence of Gram-negative bacilli in urinary infections is due to the fact that intestinal flora is rich in enterobacteria, and women are most affected by anatomical factors. The development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials probably arises from their indiscriminate use. Conclusion: The rate of microbial resistance has risen, showing the need for a more effective control of antimicrobial use.
Infection of Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common human parasitic disease worldwide. This infection may be related to important changes in the enteric nervous system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the myenteric and submucosal plexuses, the intestinal muscle layer, and gastrointestinal transit in mice infected with assemblages A and B of G. duodenalis. Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) were infected with assemblages A and B of G. duodenalis for 15 days. Gastrointestinal transit time was evaluated before euthanasia. Duodenum and jejunum were removed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. It was observed a reduction in the enteric glial cell count and a decrease in the ratio of enteric glial cells to neurons. The number of neurons did not change, but morphological changes were observed in the duodenum and jejunum in both plexuses, including an increase in the nuclear area and a reduction of cell bodies in the myenteric plexus and a decrease in the nuclear area in the submucosal plexus. A reduction of the thickness of the muscle layer was observed in the duodenum, with no significant differences in the gastrointestinal transit times. Assemblages A and B of G. duodenalis decrease the number of enteric glial cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses, decrease the thickness of the muscle layer, and change the morphology of neurons. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
As doenças causadas por parasitos intestinais estão entre os mais frequentes agravos do mundo, pois é um problema de saúde pública que atinge a maioria da população. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência de parasitoses em crianças de 4 a 6 anos do município de Moreira Sales, PR. A pesquisa foi composta por inquérito parasitológico e epidemiológico em crianças matriculadas em uma escola municipal em julho de 2017. O critério para inclusão no estudo foi: coletar a amostra de fezes, responder o questionário sócio-epidemiológico e ter o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) assinado pelo responsável. Participaram do estudo 42 crianças com idades entre 4 e 6 anos, das quais 66,7% eram meninas. Dos participantes, dez crianças (23,8%) apresentaram infecção por Balantidium coli, sendo que destas, duas apresentaram infecção mista por Entamoeba coli. Foi observado que a maioria dos infectados tinham animais de estimação (60%), roíam unhas (60%), consumiam hortaliças (80%) e todas as crianças brincavam na terra, sendo estes alguns fatores de risco para a infecção. Diante dos resultados apresentados, é possível perceber que existem vários fatores que podem estar associados a essa parasitose, sendo os principais: saneamento básico e os hábitos de higiene. Portanto, são de grande importância a conscientização e ação profilática da população, com o intuito de minimizar as parasitoses intestinais e garantir uma melhor qualidade de vida.
RESUMO:O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ação cicatrizante do extrato hidroetanólico de folhas de Tropaeolum majus em lesões cutâneas em ratos. Para isso foram utilizados 15 ratos Wistar distribuídos em 3 grupos denominados de G7, G14 e G21, de acordo com o período de observação em 7, 14 e 21 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. Na região dorsal de cada animal foram realizadas duas feridas de 1 cm de diâmetro, sendo a da esquerda tratada com gel base de Carbopol, e a da direita com gel de Tropaeolum majus. Os tratamentos nas lesões ocorreram diariamente nos períodos citados. Realizou-se estudo comparativo entre os dois grupos por meio da análise micro e macroscópica. Observou-se formação de crosta em todas as feridas até o sétimo dia. Na avaliação histológica, as lesões tratadas com o extrato de Tropaeolum majus apresentaram uma menor quantidade de infiltrado inflamatório e de proliferação fibloblástica com relação às lesões tratadas com o gel base e uma maior colageneização bem como mais acentuada angiogênese no 7º, 14º e 21º dia do pós-operatório. Conclui-se que o extrato hidroetanólico de folhas de Tropaeolum majus promoveu melhora do processo de cicatrização por aumento da formação de neovasos e colageneização.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Cicatrização; Plantas Medicinais; Tropaeolum majus.
INFLUENCE OF HYDROETHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM THE LEAVES OF Tropaeolum majus FOR TISSUE RESTORATION OF SKIN LESIONS ABSTRACT:The healing activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Tropaeolum majus leaves on rats´ skin lesions is provided. Fifteen Wistar rats were used, distributed in three groups, G7, G14 and G21, according to observation period 7, 14 and 21 days after surgery. Two wounds, diameter 1 cm, on the dorsal region of each animal, were treated with Carbopol gel on the left side and by Tropaeolum majus on the right side. Lesions were treated daily during the periods above. A comparative study was undertaken between the two groups by microand macroscopy. The formation of a wound scab on all wounds up to the seventh day was observed. Histological assessment revealed that lesions treated with Tropaeolum majus extract had a lower inflammatory infiltrate rate and fibroblastic proliferation when compared to lesions treated with gel, coupled to a greater collagenization and deeper angiogenesis on the 7 th , 14 th and 21 st day after surgery. Results showed that hydroethanolic extract of Tropaeolum majus leaves caused a better improvement in the healing process through the increase in the formation of neo-vases and collagenization.
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