Evaluating factors that may influence the nose dimensions and, therefore, contribute to the singularity of a person, is important for obtaining a precise facial reconstruction (FR) in forensic anthropology. Thus, the aim in this study was to evaluate the influence of sex, skeletal class, and facial type on nose dimensions of Brazilian individuals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. CBCT images of 54 males and 67 females were classified according to skeletal class (class I, II, or III) and facial type (brachycephalic, dolichocephalic and mesocephalic). Linear and angular measurements of the nose were performed using the CS 3D Imaging software. The measurements obtained for males and females were compared by one-way ANOVA. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the measurements in the different skeletal classes and facial types. Significance level was set at 5%. All linear measurements were greater in males (p < 0.05); the angular measurements, however, did not differ between sexes (p > 0.05). Linear and angular measurements of class III males were significantly different from the other classes; the same was observed for the angular measurements in females (p < 0.05). Regarding facial types, some linear measurements were significantly greater in dolichocephalics males (p < 0.05). For females, there was no influence of facial type (p > 0.05), except for the nasal convexity angle. Nose dimensions differed in specific points among different skeletal classes and facial types, and there was sexual dimorphism in all linear nose dimensions. This information may be applicable for nose reconstructions, allowing more reliable FR.
A Reconstrução Facial é um método auxiliar no processo de identificação de corpos decompostos ou esqueletizados. Uma das informações necessárias para a realização desse procedimento é a espessura de tecido mole craniofacial. Na população brasileira, há poucos trabalhos acerca da influência do padrão esquelético facial na espessura de tecido mole craniofacial. Assim, o objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a espessura de tecido mole craniofacial nas diferentes classes esqueléticas e tipos faciais, por meio de exames de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). Foram analisadas 160 imagens de TCFC (80 homens e 80 mulheres, com idades entre 21 e 40 anos). Os pacientes foram classificados em Classe I, Classe II ou Classe III e em braquifacial, mesofacial ou dolicofacial. As mensurações de espessura de tecido mole em região de perfil facial foram realizadas em 10 pontos anatômicos, utilizando-se o CS 3D Imaging Software® 3.4.3. Todas as mensurações foram realizadas por dois examinadores em consenso. Observou-se que a espessura de tecido mole foi maior nas regiões de lábio superior e estômio de indivíduos classe III quando comparados aos das classes I e II, sendo estatisticamente significante. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os tipos faciais na espessura de tecido mole nas regiões de lábio superior, estômio, lábio inferior e labiomental. Pode-se concluir que a classe esquelética e o tipo facial influenciam na espessura de tecido mole craniofacial.
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