This study aimed to determine whether the anti-inflammatory drugs that are most commonly consumed in Brazil, including diclofenac, ketoprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, ibuprofen and acetaminophen, are present in drinking water and to derive guideline values to characterize the human risk. These pharmaceuticals were quantified in surface waters by LC-MS/MS with solid phase extraction, both before and after conventional treatment on a laboratory scale, using a jar test assay. The methods used to quantify these drugs showed good results: the chromatographic analysis obtained correlation coefficients between 0.9952 and 0.9991, with limits of quantification of 0.5 ng.mL-1-50 ng.mL-1 and precision standard deviations (0.08-2.08). Only ketoprofen and ibuprofen were not completely removed through the jar test. Environmental samples were collected and handled by the same method; the values obtained for ketoprofen and ibuprofen after treatment were 18.67-19.65 ng.L-1 (±17%) and 166.70-244.73 ng.L-1 (±14%), respectively. Human risk was assessed by comparing the guideline values for each compound to the concentrations obtained in the environmental samples, considering the toxicological backgrounds, following WHO (2011) method. The results suggest that the concentrations of ketoprofen and ibuprofen found in drinking water do not pose a risk to human health, even with chronic consumption.
PAIS, M.C.N. Evaluation of the presence of drugs by LC-MS/MS in surface water before and after conventional treatment by jar-test test and the characterization of human risk. 2013. 134f. Dissertação (Mestrado)
ResumoA grande demanda de consumo cosmético tem despertado maior atenção no mercado quanto à segurança dos ingredientes utilizados em suas formulações. Entre tais ingredientes estão os parabenos, conservante utilizado amplamente em cosméticos desde 1930. Após um estudo realizado em 2004, relacionando o câncer de mama ao uso de parabenos, grandes manifestações surgiram em relação ao seu uso, o que resultou no lançamento de linhas paraben free, muito embora a causa dos tumores não seja cientificamente comprovada. Diante desses estudos e a posição de algumas empresas frente ao ocorrido, o trabalho objetivou-se em avaliar o risco quanto à utilização de cosméticos e produtos de higiene que contenham parabenos como conservante. O estudo desenvolveu-se por meio de levantamento bibliográfico para identificação do perigo e a partir de bases de dados e publicações para avaliar a exposição teórica aos parabenos presentes nos cosméticos mais comumente utilizados. Em conclusão, para os produtos cosméticos avaliados, considerando como endpoint os efeitos estrogênicos, os parabenos apresentam-se seguros para uso adulto e não seguro para uso infantil, nas condições de exposição dispostas neste trabalho. Palavras-chave: Parabenos. Parabenos em cosméticos. Estrógenos. Conservantes. Avaliação de segurança. Evaluation of paraben toxicity in cosmetics AbstractThe great demand of cosmetic consumption has aroused more attention on the market regarding the safety of the ingredients used in cosmetics formulations. Among these ingredients are parabens, which have been widely used in cosmetics since the 1930s. After a study in 2004 relating breast cancer to paraben use, major manifestations have emerged in relation to their use, resulting in an increase of paraben free lines on the market, although the cause of the tumors is not scientifically proven. In view of these studies and the position of some companies, the objective of this study was to evaluate
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