RESUMO -A anestesia caudal foi proposta pela primeira vez em 1926 e diversas técnicas foram desenvolvidas para anestesiar os nervos espinhais lombares e sacrais. Os métodos para anestesia epidural exigem conhecimento da anatomia da região envolvida. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a topografia do cone medular do gato mourisco, tornando possível a realização desta técnica anestésica em um felino silvestre de nossa fauna. Uma gata mourisca, adulta, proveniente do Zoológico Parque do Sabiá, Uberlândia-MG, foi encaminhado ao Laboratório de Pesquisa em Animais Silvestres (LAPAS), com o objetivo de determinar a topografia do cone medular para tornar possível a realização desta técnica anestésica em um felino silvestre de nossa fauna. Este animal foi fixado em solução de formol a 10%. Feita incisão de pele, os músculos da coluna vertebral foram retirados, os arcos vertebrais foram seccionados para visualização da medula espinhal e seus envoltórios. O cone medular neste animal iniciou-se na sexta vértebra lombar (L6) e terminou na segunda vértebra sacral (S2), com comprimento total de 50mm. O comprimento corporal deste felino foi de 473mm. Conclui-se que o melhor local para a anestesia epidural do membro pélvico no gato mourisco está entre as vértebras L6 e S2.Palavras chave: medula espinhal, cone medular, gato mourisco, Herpailurus yagouaroundi.ABSTRACT -Since the caudal anesthesia was first proposed in 1926 many techniques were developed to anesthethize the lumbar and sacral nerves. Such methods for epidural anesthesia require knowledge of the relative anatomical regions. The objetive of the present study was to determine the topographic anatomy of the jaguarundi medullar cone as a morphological basis for application of anesthesis techniques. One adult female jaguarondi that perished by natural death has been obtained form the Sabiá Zoo Park, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil and conducted to tha Wild Animals Laboratory. The animal was fixes in 10% formalin solution. Following skin incision, muscles of the vertebral column were removed and the vertebral arcs sectioned for the visualization of hte spinal cord and its wrappers. Epidural anesthesic drug in the medullar cone. The medullar cone in this jaguarundi startet in the sixth lumbar vertebra (L6) and ended in the second sacral vertebra (S2); the spinal cord length was 50mm. The corporal length of this feline measured 473mm. The best region to perform the pelvic anesthesia in a jaguarundi is between the vertebra L6 and S2.
Purpose: To determine whether rocuronium would provide safe, short-term immobilization in Podocnemis expansa. Methods: Twenty P. expansa, weighing on average 1.59 ± 0.28 kg, were subjected to two protocols: G1 0.25 mg/kg IM of rocuronium and 0.07 mg/kg IM of neostigmine, while G2 received 0.50 mg/kg IM of rocuronium and 0.07 mg/kg IM of neostigmine. The drugs were applied, respectively, in the left and right thoracic members. Assessments were made of the anesthetic parameters of respiratory frequency, heartbeat, righting reflex, cloacal relaxation, palpebral and pupilar reflexes, easy handling, muscle relaxation, locomotion, response to pain stimuli in the right thoracic members, pelvic members and tail, ambient humidity and temperature. Results: They were not found statistical differences between the dosages for the majority of the assessments. G1 was as efficient as G2. A consistent neuromuscular blockade effect was recorded 12 ± 4.21 minutes in G1 and G2. All the animals were recovered in 150 minutes. Conclusions: Administration of rocuronium at dose of 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg IM is a safe and effective adjunct to clinical proceedings or pre-anesthetics in P. expansa. Because rocuronium does not provide any analgesic or sedative effects, the duration of neuromuscular blockade without anesthesia should be minimized to avoid undue stress. RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar se o rocurônio promove imobilização segura e de curta duração em Podocnemis expansa. Métodos: Vinte P. expansa com média de peso 1,59 ± 0,28 kg, foram submetidas a dois protocolos: G1 recebeu rocurônio 0,25 mg/kg IM e neostigmina 0,07 mg/kg IM enquanto G2 rocurônio 0,50 mg/kg IM e neostigmina 0,07 mg/kg IM, aplicados no membro torácico esquerdo e direito, respectivamente. Observaram-se os parâmetros anestésicos: freqüência respiratória e cardíaca, reflexo de endireitamento, relaxamento do esfíncter da cloaca, reflexo palpebral e pupilar, facilidade de manipulação, relaxamento muscular, locomoção, resposta aos estímulos dolorosos no membro torácico direito, nos membros pelvinos e na cauda, temperatura e umidade ambiental. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre as doses para a maioria dos parâmetros e o G1 foi tão eficiente quanto o G2. Um bloqueio neuromuscular consistente foi observado aos 12 ± 4,21 minutos tanto no G1 como no G2. A recuperação de todos os animais ocorreu em até 150 minutos. Conclusões: Administração de rocurônio nas doses 0,25 e 0,50 mg/kg IM é segura e efetiva para os procedimentos clínicos ou pré-anestésicos em P. expansa. Como o rocurônio não produz efeitos sedativos ou analgésicos, a duração do bloqueio neuromuscular sem anestesia deverá ser minimizado para evitar estresse.
The objective of this research was to determine a protocol for effective and safe pharmacological restraint (Phrynops geoffroanusi), with average weight of 1.9 ± 0.77 kg, clinically healthy, 02 males and 18 females, capturing in Uberabinha river in the city of Uberlândia - MG under license M ° 032/2006 IBAMA-RAN, were housed in a tank with running water and water heaters with an average temperature of 27 ° C. the turtles were divided into two groups of 10 animals: G1 - midazolam (2.0 mg / kg IM) and propofol (5.0 mg / kg IV) and G2 - midazolam (2.0 mg / kg IM) and propofol 2.5 mg / kg IV). Midazolam was administered in the left forelimb and propofol was injected directly in the cervical vertebral sinus. There was the anesthetic parameters of movement, muscular relaxation, in response to stimuli forelimbs and tail, ease of handling and heart rate, at 0 and 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after the injections. There was no statistically significant between two groups, so this protocol is not indicated for surgical procedures in Phrynops geoffroanus.
A study was made of the anatomy of the digestive tract of 12 specimens of Ramphastos toco captured by IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) of Uberlândia, MG. The birds comprised seven males and five females, six adults and six juveniles, with an average total length of 476.33 ± 103.49 mm. The birds' thoracic-abdominal cavity was opened to examine and identify the components of the digestive tube. The cervical esophagus, situated dorsolaterally to the trachea in the right antimere of the neck, continues as the thoracic esophagus in view of the absence of an ingluvium (craw) in this species. The thoracic esophagus leads ventrally to the lungs, joining the proventricle dorsally to the heart. The proventricle is cylindrical and is located in the left antimere of the cavity. The ventricle, in
The literature contains numerous reports of the effect of acupuncture on domestic or experimental animals, but only a few involving wild animals. This paper reports on acupuncture treatment for locomotor disabilities in a South American red-footed tortoise ( Geochelone carbonaria, SPIX, 1824), an endangered land tortoise found in Brazil's Cerrado region. The animal was captured and kept in an aquatic pen, subsequently developing respiratory symptoms and locomotor disabilities. The respiratory symptoms resolved in response to antibiotic treatment. However, despite the use of nutritional supplements, the motor symptoms remained unchanged. After 16 months, the tortoise was given six acupuncture sessions. No other changes were made to its environment or management. The location of the acupuncture points was transposed from canine charts. After acupuncture, the animal's motor functions, which had remained unchanged during the preceding 16 months, were restored, enabling it to eat and walk unaided. The improvement persisted during 18 months follow up. The transposition of acupuncture points from canine charts is a viable alternative for chelonians.
PURPOSE: Evaluate the effects of two anesthetic associations in giant Amazon river turtles (P. expansa). METHODS: Twenty P. expansa, healthy, of both sexes, with weights between 1.0 and 1.5 kg of a commercial breeding facility located in the valley of the Araguaia River, Goiás, Brazil, were divided into two groups ( G1 n = 10 and G2 n = 10). Each group received a protocol being: P1 = midazolam (2 mg/kg IM) and ketamine (20 mg/kg IM) and P2 = midazolam (2 mg/kg IM) and ketamine (60 mg/kg IM), applied on G1 and G2, respectively. The drugs were applied in the left forelimb. The clinical parameters evaluated were: locomotion, muscle relaxation, response to pain stimuli in the right thoracic and pelvic members and heart rate. These assessments were made at time 0 (immediately after injection) and times of 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after the injections. RESULTS: Group 2 showed a higher heart rate than G1 and more rapid and prolonged immobilization. CONCLUSION: The sedation scores obtained by these protocols (P1 and P2) were satisfactory, with possible pharmacological contention for collecting biological samples and physical examination in P. expansa.
1. Docente. 2. Mestrandos. 3. Doutoranda. ResumoA Brucelose é uma doença infecto-contagiosa provocada por bactérias do gênero Brucella, de distribuição mundial, infecta diversas espécies de animais domésticos e até mesmo os humanos. Dentre as espécies animais em que a doença já foi diagnosticada incluem bovinos, caprinos, suínos, cães, ovinos, eqüinos, bubalinos e ratos do deserto. Poucos trabalhos na literatura abordam a doença na espécie eqüina, dificultando valores sobre a distribuição da doença a nível nacional e mundial. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência da doença em eqüinos que prestavam serviço de tração em áreas rurais do município de Uberlândia-MG e esclarecer os mecanismos epidemiológicos envolvidos na cadeia de transmissão na região. Foram utilizados testes sorológicos, e, um questionário sócio-epidemiológico foi respondido por cada proprietário dos animais amostrados após a coleta do
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