Mayaro virus (MAYV), an Aedes mosquito–borne alphavirus, is endemic to Brazil and other South America countries. We investigated dengue- and chikungunya-negative febrile patients visiting rural areas near Goiânia, Goiás, and found a high proportion (55%) of MAYV IgM. Our findings suggest the presence of highly endemic foci of MAYV in central Brazil.
Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease that occurs sporadically across the globe and is endemic in Brazil. Keratinocyte adhesion loss (acantholysis) is associated with high levels of anti-desmoglein 1 IgG autoantibodies, but the role of cell death is poorly understood in PF. Current evidence disqualifies apoptosis as the major cell death mechanism and no other process has yet been investigated. To approach the role of variation in genes responsible for cell death pathways in pemphigus susceptibility, we systematically investigated the frequencies of 1,167 polymorphisms from genes encoding products of all 12 well-established cell death cascades (intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic, NETotic, lysosome-dependent, autophagy-dependent, and immunogenic). By multivariate logistic regression, we compared allelic and genotypic frequencies of 227 PF patients and 194 controls obtained by microarray hybridization. We found 10 variants associated with PF (p < 0.005), belonging to six cell death pathways: apoptosis (TNF, TRAF2, CD36, and PAK2), immunogenic cell death (EIF2AK3, CD47, and SIRPA), necroptosis (TNF and TRAF2), necrosis (RAPGEF3), parthanatos (HK1), and pyroptosis (PRKN). Five polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility: TNF rs1800630*A (OR = 1.9, p = 0.0003), CD36 rs4112274*T (OR = 2.14, p = 0.0015), CD47 rs12695175*G (OR = 1.77, p = 0.0043), SIRPA rs6075340*A/A (OR = 2.75, p = 0.0009), and HK1 rs7072268*T (OR = 1.48, p = 0.0045). Other five variants were associated with protection: TRAF2 rs10781522*G (OR = 0.64, p = 0.0014), PAK2 rs9325377*A/A (OR = 0.48, p = 0.0023), EIF2AK3 rs10167879*T (OR = 0.48, p = 0.0007), RAPGEF3 rs10747521*A/A (OR = 0.42, p = 0.0040), and PRKN rs9355950*C (OR = 0.57, p = 0.0004). Through functional annotation, we found that all associated alleles, with the exception of PRKN rs9355950*C, were previously associated with differential gene expression levels in healthy individuals (mostly in skin and peripheral blood). Further functional validation of these genetic associations may contribute to the understanding of PF etiology and to the development of new drugs and therapeutic regimens for the disease.
Adenosine increases anagen hair growth and thick hairs in Japanese women with female pattern hair loss: a pilot, doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
RESUMOIntrodução: Os schwannomas intracranianos representam 8% dos tumores do compartimento craniano. Habitualmente se originam dos nervos vestibular, trigeminal ou facial. Os schwannomas do nervo troclear são entidades raras, com menos de 100 casos na literatura, e 33% com confirmação histológica. Relato de Caso: Mulher de 32 anos, com história de três meses de parestesias dimidiadas à esquerda, sem diplopia ou outras queixas visuais. A ressonância magnética evidenciou lesão sólidocística ocupando a cisterna ambiens e do ângulo pontocerebelar à direita. Foi submetida a ressecção microcirúrgica da lesão, confirmada histopatológicamente como schwannoma, e com identificação da origem na porção cisternal do nervo troclear. Após cirurgia, a paciente apresentou melhora completa dos sintomas pré-operatórios, sem novos déficits. Revisão da Literatura: Foram usadas as bases de dados on-line PubMed, MEDLINE e Web of Science, resultando em 94 pacientes com 95 schwannomas encontrados na literatura. Do total, 33% tinham confirmação histológica. 42% foram submetidos a cirurgia, 16% a radiocirurgia, e 42% não foram tratados. Ressecção completa da lesão foi obtida em 58% dos pacientes tratados cirurgicamente. Conclusão: Os schwannomas de nervo troclear são lesões raras que devem fazer parte do diagnóstico diferencial das lesões tumorais, que ocupam a cisterna do ângulo pontocerebelar.ABSTRACT Introduction: Intracranial schwannomas represent 8% of tumors of the cranial compartment. They mostly origin in the vestibular, trigeminal and facial nerves. Trochlear nerve schwannomas are a rare entity, with less than 100 cases in literature, and only 33% with histological confirmation. Case Report: 32 year-old woman, with a 3-month history of left-sided paroxysmal paresthesis, without diplopia or other visual complaints, although she had ambliopia of the ipsilateral eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a solid-cystic lesion occupying the right ambiens and cerebello-pontine angle cisterns. She underwent microsurgical resection of the lesion, histologically confirmed as schwannoma, and whose origin was found in the cisternal part of the trochlear nerve. After surgery, pre-operative symptoms improved, without new deficits. Literature Review: Pubmed, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases were used, resulting in 94 patients with 95 schwannomas found in literature. From total, 33% had histological confirmation. 42% of the cases underwent surgery, 16% underwent radiosurgery, and 42% were not treated. Gross total resection was obtained 58% of surgically treated patients. Conclusion: Trochlear nerve schwannomas are rare lesions, which should be part of the differential diagnosis of lesion occupying the cerebellopontine cistern.
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