This study was conducted to obtain an epidemiological view of acaricide resistance in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. Twenty-four tick samples were collected from municipalities in the State where farmers had reported concerns about resistance to or failure of tick control. These ticks were subjected to in vitro resistance detection assays using the adult immersion test (AIT). The efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin, cypermethrin and amitraz treatments on samples collected throughout the State was generally poor. AIT showed efficacy ≥ 90% from the use of DDVP + chlorfenvinphos) (20 out of 21 municipalities), dichlorvos + cypermethrin (10 out of 16 municipalities) and cypermethrin + citronella + chlorpyrifos + piperonyl butoxide (20 out of 21 municipalities). PCR assays were used to detect the presence of pyrethroid resistance-associated sodium channel gene mutation. Larvae from three different populations that had previously been diagnosed as pyrethroid-resistant, through AIT, were evaluated. The PCR assays showed that the pyrethroid resistance-associated gene mutation was absent from these three populations. This study confirms that the emergence of resistance is a constant challenge for the livestock industry, and that development of resistance continues to be a major driver for new antiparasitic drugs to be developed.

The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, is regarded as the most economically important ectoparasite of livestock globally. Control is achieved primarily through the use of acaricides. This approach is hampered by the development of resistance to commercial acaricides among cattle tick populations. Vaccination against R. microplus infestation is another technology that can be integrated for effective cattle tick control. Proteins belonging to the Kunitz-BPTI family are abundant in cattle tick salivary glands, midgut, and ovaries. These organs are attractive targets for the development of a novel cattle tick vaccine. Efficacy assessment against cattle tick infestation in bovines using a vaccine containing the recombinant form of a member of the Kunitz family from R. microplus produced in a yeast expression system is reported for the first time here. The yeast Pichia pastoris was bioengineered to produce the recombinant version of a trypsin inhibitor that is expressed in cattle tick larvae (rRmLTI). Immunization with rRmLTI afforded 32% efficacy against R. microplus. The estimated molecular weight of rRmLTI was 46 kDa. Structural homology to the native form of the larval trypsin inhibitor was documented by recognition of rRmLTI in Western-blots using polyclonal antibodies from mice immunized with cattle tick larval extract or rRmLTI. Bioinformatics analysis of the partial nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences indicated that the rRmLTI closely resembles BmTI-6, which is a three-headed Kunitz protein present in cattle tick ovary and fat tissue.

OBJECTIVE:To determine whether there is any influence of systemic arterial hypertension on the peripheral auditory system.METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study that investigated 40 individuals between 30 and 50 years old, who were divided into groups with and without systemic arterial hypertension, using data from high-frequency audiometry, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions. The results were compared with those from groups of normal-hearing individuals, with and without systemic arterial hypertension, who underwent the pure-tone audiometry test. All individuals also underwent the following procedures: otoscopy, acoustic immittance measures, pure-tone audiometry at frequencies from 250 to 16000 Hz, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions test and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions test.RESULTS:No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups with and without systemic arterial hypertension in either conventional or high-frequency audiometry. Regarding transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions, there was a trend toward statistical significance whereby the systemic arterial hypertension group showed lower results. Regarding distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, the systemic arterial hypertension group showed significantly lower results at the following frequencies: 1501, 2002, and 3003 Hz. A discriminant analysis indicated that the distortion-product otoacoustic emissions variables best distinguished individuals with and without systemic arterial hypertension.CONCLUSION:Data from this study suggest cochlear dysfunction in individuals with systemic arterial hypertension because their otoacoustic emission results were lower than those in the systemic arterial hypertension group.

A Deus, pelas bênçãos proporcionadas neste processo tão importante para a minha vida. À minha orientadora Profa. Dra. Alessandra Giannella Samelli pela confiança, dedicação, sabedoria e paciência na realização de um grande sonho. Aos meus pais, Mauro e Terezinha, pelo apoio que sempre me deram. Ao meu amor Rafael pelo incentivo constante, apoio e carinho nesta etapa tão importante para a minha vida profissional. Aos meus irmãos, Pedro e Fernanda, pelo carinho. Aos meus queridos sobrinhos Valentina, Ítalo, Enrico, Betina e Lorenzo que souberam dividir a atenção da titia com a pesquisa. Amo vocês! À Profa. Dra. Eliane Schochat por me receber pela primeira vez nesta Universidade e acreditar no meu sonho. À Fga. Dra. Camila Maia Rabelo, Fga. Dra. Renata Moreira, Fga. Dra. Seisse Gabriela Gandolfi Sanches, pelas contribuições e conselhos ao longo desta jornada. Às integrantes da banca de qualificação, Dra. Renata Mota Mamede Carvallo, Dra. Camila Maia Rabelo e Dra. Renata Moreira, pelas contribuições riquíssimas. Ao médico cardiologista Dr. Gerson Zoppi pelas belíssimas explicações e orientações que com certeza enriqueceram este estudo. Ao querido Cido pela tradução do meu trabalho. Às estatísticas Tamy e Tuany pelo carinho e dedicação na análise deste estudo.A todos os participantes voluntários, pois sem vocês não seria possível a concretização do estudo. Muito Obrigada!"Consulte não a seus medos, mas a suas esperanças e sonhos. Pense não sobre suas frustrações, mas sobre seu potencial não usado. Preocupe-se não com o que você tentou e falhou, mas com aquilo que ainda é possível a você fazer". Papa João XXIII NORMATIZAÇÃO ADOTADAEsta dissertação ou tese está de acordo com as seguintes normas, em vigor no momento desta publicação:Referências: adaptado de International

RESUMOA interdisciplinaridade se apresenta como uma ferramenta para o ensino-aprendizagem que marca o rompimento de uma visão cartesiana e mecanicista da educação e assume concepção integradora e dialética para construir o conhecimento. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender a importância da interdisciplinaridade na formação do conhecimento contemporâneo e sua integração entre matemática e ciências agrárias no aprendizado dos discentes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, desenvolvida como estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa. Compreende-se que as maiores discussões sobre interdisciplinaridade no Brasil foram intensificadas a partir da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (Lei n. 9394), de 1996 e com a publicação