The work is a literature review whose objective was to identify in the literature the approach on the main causes of forest destruction in the legal Amazon. For the discussion, scientific materials were selected whose focus includes deforestation in the region of the legal Amazon. Among the possible causes, the ones that stood out the most in the literature were livestock, agriculture, mining, mining and burning, so a discussion was made on them. It is clear, after all the surveys, that there is no single solution to destruction and deforestation in the Amazon. If the Brazilian government, with the help of the international community, does not take control of the forces of destructive development seriously, then, regardless of periods of growth and reduced deforestation, this magnificent rainforest will continue disappearing decade after decade. A series of measures is necessary, ranging from prevention to incisive combat, mainly by the government, which should expand and reinforce the activities of the entities responsible for environmental inspection in the country.

The substrate is one of the most important factors in the formation of the seedling and must present conditions suitable for germination and development of the seedling root system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different substrates on the initial growth of Physalis peruviana L. seedlings. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, of the Federal University of Espírito Santo– São Mateus (Brazil). The experimental design used was completely randomized, with three treatments (Soil, Provaso® and Bioplant®), seven replications and seven plants per plot, using seeds with 427 days of storage. At 56 days after sowing, the 10 most vigorous seedlings were selected for evaluation. The following characteristics were evaluated: percentage of emergence, emergence speed index (ESI), mean time of emergence (MET), number of leaves (NL), stem diameter (SD), aerial part length (APL), aerial part fresh matter (APFM), aerial part dry matter (APDM), root fresh matter (RFM), root dry matter (RDM) and Dickson quality index (DQI). The Provaso® substrate showed the best performance in all studied variables, being recommended for the production of Physalis seedlings.

To obtain quality seedlings, it is necessary to use good production techniques. Important factors include the container and the form of propagation. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of two substrates and container volumes on the emergence and formation of Physalis peruviana L. mini-stumps. The work was carried out from September to November 2019, in a greenhouse belonging to the Federal University Network of the Holy Spirit. The design used was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme with the combination of three containers (R1 = tube with a volume of 50 ml; R2 = tube with a volume of 280 ml and R3 = plastic cups with a volume of 500 ml) and two substrates (S1 = Bioplant® and S2 = Provaso® + soil 1:1), totaling six treatments, four replications, six plants per experimental unit and 144 plants. After 90 days of experiment, it is recommended for a better emergence and emission of the shoots of Physalis peruviana L. the use of the volume of 280 ml, combined with the substrate Provaso® + soil.

Plant phenology is determined by phases that mark the appearance or disappearance of vegetative and reproductive organs, such as the appearance of plants, the appearance of buds, flowers and fruits. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the phenological behavior of Physalis peruviana L. grown in a greenhouse in the city of São Mateus - ES, verifying whether its production is feasible under the conditions presented. The experimental design used was completely randomized, totaling 34 plants, with treatments consisting of days after transplanting. The plant's conduction system was single-stemmed. The spacing used between the plants was triangular (0.55m x 0.55m x 1m). For the observation of phenophases, it was considered when 30% of the plants were in the following stages: Stage 1 - True Leaves; Phase 2 - Flower buds; Step 3 - Open flowers; Step 4 - Immature fruits; and Step 5 - Ripe fruits. At the end of the experiment, the following evaluations were performed: number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, number of flower buds, number of flowers and number of fruits per plant. The averages were compared using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The results showed that it is possible to produce Physalis peruviana L. under the conditions defined in a greenhouse in the region of São Mateus-ES, the crop showed good development in the vegetative, flowering and fruiting phases, starting the harvest 60 days after transplant.

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