This paper discusses a method for extracting conceptual hierarchies from arbitrary domain-specific collections of text. These hierarchies can form a basis for a concept-oriented terminology collection, and hence may be used as the basis for developing knowledge-based systems via ontology editors. This reference to ontology is explored in the context of collections of terms. The method presented uses both statistical and linguistic techniques. The result of such an extraction may be useful in information retrieval, knowledge management, or in the discipline of terminology science itself.
This paper explores the use of texts that are related to an image collection, also known as collateral texts, for building thesauri in specialist domains to aid in image retrieval. Corpus linguistic and information extraction methods are used for identifying key terms and conceptual relationships in specialist texts that may be used for query expansion purposes. The specialist domain context imposes certain constraints on the language used in the texts, which makes the texts computationally more tractable. The effectiveness of such an approach is demonstrated through a prototype system that has been developed for the storage and retrieval of images and texts, applied in the forensic science domain.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the knowledge and attitudes towards handwashing of clinical year medical and dental students and health-care professionals (HCPs) working in the departments of medicine, surgery, dentistry, nursing, and physiotherapy in Lahore, Pakistan.MethodologyThis was a cross-sectional survey conducted during May and June 2016. After approval from the institutional review board, a modified form of the World Health Organization (WHO) Hand Hygiene Knowledge Questionnaire for Healthcare workers that included 18 items was sent to 400 clinical year students and HCPs from six medical colleges and affiliated hospitals of Lahore. The data obtained was entered and analyzed by using IBM SPSS version 20 (IBM, NY, USA). Chi-square was used as the test of significance. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant for all purposes.ResultsThe response rate was 79%. Less than half of the respondents (149, 47.9%) were satisfied with their knowledge regarding hand hygiene. Statistically significant associations of various groups of HCPs were observed with their satisfaction regarding knowledge about hand hygiene (p-value = 0.022), their awareness of the proper technique required for handwashing proposed by the WHO (p-value = 0.001), and their awareness about other preventive techniques proposed by the WHO and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (p-value = 0.021).ConclusionsThe majority of the clinical year students and HCPs were not satisfied with their knowledge regarding hand hygiene. HCPs working in different departments have varying knowledge and attitudes towards hand hygiene. Females were found to be more satisfied with their handwashing practices. Teaching proper technique of handwashing to medical students and starting refresher courses regarding hand hygiene for HCPs are dire needs. The WHO-recommended guidelines should not only be taught but also implemented in the medical field as poor hand hygiene techniques have led to the spread of many diseases around the globe.
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