Background: This study was conducted to determine the pattern of ocular trauma in Benghazi- Libya. Methods: All cases of ocular trauma admitted to Benghazi eye hospital from January 2011 to August 2012 were retrospectively reviewed for open- or closed-globe injury (OGI or CGI). Data extracted included age, sex, residence, initial and final visual acuity (VA), cause and treatment of injury. The injuries were classified by Ocular Trauma Classification System. Results: Out of the 805 patients, there were 540 patients (67.0%) with Closed Globe Injury and 254 patients (31.5%) with Open Globe Injury and 11 patients (1.3%) with mixed trauma. Conclusion: This analysis shows a pattern of eye injury largely similar to reports from other parts of the world. Eye injury affected mainly younger age groups and road traffic accidents were the most common cause.

Background: Amblyopia is a disorder characterized by a decrease in the best-corrected visual acuity in one or both eyes with no clear structural anomalies or ocular pathology. There are three primary types of amblyopia: anisometropic, strabismic, and sensory deprivation amblyopia. Anisometropic amblyopia occurs in children having a difference in refractive error between the two eyes and occurs in the more ametropic eye. Furthermore, there is a strong association of anisometropia with strabismus. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the association between age, sex, laterality, and type of refractive error on the depth of anisometropic amblyopia. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective (observational) study. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0 software. Materials and Methods: One hundred and nine patient's files with anisometropic amblyopia were investigated, who were followed in a pediatric eye clinic in Sohail Elatrash's eye hospital Benghazi, Libya, between January 2008 and December 2018. Results: There is no effect of the type of gender on the depth amblyopia with P = 0.57. Furthermore, there is no difference in the predominance of amblyopia between the right and left eye (P = 0.93). Age is correlated in a positive manner with the depth of amblyopia (P = 0.035). Conclusions: in our study, eye laterality and gender had no effect on the depth of anisometropic amblyopia. The age and the smallest amount of astigmatism difference between both eyes had a direct proportion on the depth of anisometropic amblyopia.

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Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a reported prevalence of 1.1 to 1.5% characterized by impairment of social interaction, communication, and/or repetitive behaviors or routines, The term autism spectrum disorder includes individuals with a diagnosis of autism and Asperger syndrome. In an effort to develop an improved understanding of autism spectrum disorder, many areas of visual processing have previously been investigated. The aim of this study was to describe the refractive profile of a population of children with ASD. Materials and Methods: Ophthalmic examination was carried out on children diagnosed with autism attending a pediatric eye clinic in Benghazi, Libya from October 2018 to April 2019. Visual acuity was assessed by illiterate and child picture Snellen chart followed by complete eye examination and a Cycloplegic refraction was performed, Data were managed by SPSS version no. 20.00. Results: a 26 child were included ranging from 3 to 15 years old, mean age (6.4±3.3 yr.) there were 14 boys (53.8%) and 12 girls (46.2%). Refraction revealed 21 children had significant refractive errors with 11 children (42.3%) had astigmatism, 10 children (38.5%) had hypermetropia and 5 children (19.2%) did not have a significant refractive error. Conclusion: Significant refractive error mainly astigmatism was noted in the children with autism. Correction and searching of these refractive errors early may enhance improvement of this disorder thus help them to have an agreeable life.

Background. COVID-19 is a new pandemic that spread over the world in 2020, for which most countries imposed rigorous lockdown to reduce its upsurge and thus its socioeconomics’ sever effects. Global measures include isolation, social distancing, lockdown any nonemergency facilities, local and international travelling restrictions. But these rules are implacable in case of trauma in general and more with ocular trauma, which represents a serious public health problem and leading cause of visual impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID -19 lock down on number of ocular traumas acquiring surgery. Methods. A retrospective study in Aljala trauma hospital in the period from 18 March to 18 April 2020 on patients who underwent surgical intervention for non-war eye trauma. Results. A total number of patients seen in emergency department were 350 patients in 2020 with four patients needed hospital admission and surgical intervention making a 1.14% of total number. While number of patients seen at the same time in 2019 were 965 patients and three patients needed surgical intervention (0.31%). There was no statistical difference in the amount of patient acquiring surgical intervention in the two periods with the P value of >0.05 Conclusion. Although total emergency eye visits decreased during the covid-19 lockdown period, similar incidence of surgery needed ocular trauma persisted.