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Integrating efficient energy harvesting materials in to soft, flexible, and eco-friendly substrates could yield significant breakthroughs in wearable and flexible electronics. Substantial advances are emerged in fabricating devices which can conform to irregular surfaces in addition to integrating piezoelectric polymer nanocomposites in to mechanical generators and bendable electronics. Here, we present a tri-phasic filler combination of one-dimensional titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanotubes, twodimensional reduced graphene oxide, and three-dimensional strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), introduced in to a semi-crystalline polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene). Simple mixing method was adopted for the composite fabrication after ensuring a high interaction between the various fillers. The prepared films were tested for their piezoelectric responses and mechanical stretchability. The results showed that the piezoelectric constant has increased due to the change in the filler concentration and reached a value of 7.52 pC/N at 1:2 filler combination. The output voltage obtained for the same filler composition was about 10.5 times that of the voltage generated by the neat polymer. Thus, we propose integration of these materials in fabricating energy conversion devices that can be useful in flexible and wearable electronics.

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In this work, we report Ni doped ZnO/poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) [PVDF-HFP] nanocomposites prepared by sandwiching and highlight their application in piezoelectric nano-generators.

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Stretchable films of PVDF nanocomposites containing iron doped ZnO (Fe–ZnO) nanostars are fabricated following simple solution mixing and γ-irradiation treatment.

Development of flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) is a real challenge for the next-generation energy-harvesting applications. In this paper, we report highly flexible PENGs based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/2 wt % Ce–Fe 2 O 3 and PVDF/2 wt % Ce–Co 3 O 4 nanocomposite fibers. The incorporation of magnetic Ce–Fe 2 O 3 and Ce–Co 3 O 4 greatly affects the structural properties of PVDF nanofibers, especially the polymeric β and γ phases. In addition, the new composites enhanced the interfacial compatibility through electrostatic filler–polymer interactions. Both PVDF/Ce–Fe 2 O 3 and PVDF/Ce–Co 3 O 4 nanofibers-based PENGs, respectively, produce peak-to-peak output voltages of 20 and 15 V, respectively, with the corresponding output currents of 0.010 and 0.005 μA/cm 2 under the force of 2.5 N. Enhanced output performance of the flexible nanogenerator is correlated with the electroactive polar phases generated within the PVDF, in the presence of the nanomaterials. The designed nanogenerators respond to human wrist movements with the highest output voltage of 0.15 V, for the PVDF/Ce–Fe 2 O 3 when subjected to hand movements. The overall piezoelectric power generation is correlated with the nanoparticle size and the existing filler–polymer and ion–dipole interactions.

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