<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Resumen </strong></span>| La interseccionalidad constituye una de las mayores contribuciones conceptuales del feminismo en los últimos veinticinco años. La luz que arroja en el estudio de los complejos mecanismos de discriminación ha permitido identificar la diversidad de las interacciones generadas por la subordinación de muy diferente tipo: por razones de género, orientación sexual, etnia, religión, origen nacional, (dis)capacidad, nivel socioeconómico y otras. En este trabajo intento bosquejar el desarrollo de este concepto, desde sus primeros tiempos en los estudios jurídicos hasta su expansión desigual y asimétrica en las ciencias sociales y en las diferentes áreas geográficas. Dicha heterogeneidad obstaculiza, en algunas regiones, el empleo de esta herramienta conceptual en la práctica, y subraya la necesidad de indagar en las diferencias y matices —que suelen originarse en las interacciones con culturas, prácticas e instituciones existentes— con el objeto de mejorar los niveles de praxis y estrategias locales.</p>

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Intersectionality originated as a tool for critical legal analysis. It focused on the multiplicity of interactions among the grounds of social exclusion, such as gender, sexual orientation, race, religion, national origin, (dis)ability and socioeconomic status among others, shedding light on the complexity of the mechanisms of power and privilege in social relations. In the last twenty-five years, intersectionality gained increasing popularity in the Anglophone academia, but had uneven diffusion in the different socio-political contexts. This article addresses its conceptual origins, providing a genealogy that connects intersectionality with counterhegemonic feminist theories. Intersectionality is then examined in connection with Critical Legal Studies within the American socio-legal context of the 70s where it has originally been developed as a category of legal analysis. It is argued that transposing a concept from another legal system into the European legal framework poses a number of challenges. This article offers an overview of recent developments of European Union law as an example of the advancements and challenges that the implementation of intersectionality in European democracy might suppose. It finally discusses the utility of intersectionality for legal scholarship in the context of democratic societies that aim at removing the formal and substantive obstacles towards the equality of their members.

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Although feminist scholarship has discussed intersectionality extensively, few studies have addressed its implementation in public policies. This article fills that gap with an empirical study of the obstacles and enabling factors in implementing intersectionality in the Madrid City Council. We focus on the multiple meanings, actors, and structures involved in translating policy planning into concrete measures. Through a content analysis of policy documents, interviews, focus groups, and participant observation, our qualitative study identifies five key factors that hinder the implementation of intersectionality-informed policies: the absence of a legal framework and precise guidelines; the multiple and contrasting interpretations of intersectionality; the lack of training; the compartmentalized work structure and culture; and the unavailability and misuse of data. These findings contribute to the scholarship on the implementation of intersectionality in public policies and provide empirical-based recommendations to overcome the identified obstacles.

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This paper addresses the theoretical issue of how to develop novel interdisciplinary epistemologies and methodologies in Human and Social Sciences by using the intersectionality theory, developed in Feminist and Gender Studies, as a tool. In the first part, the paper introduces the concepts of locationality and translocationality. These are important epistemological foundations of feminist theory to deal with the complex subjectivity that inhabits the postcolonial and globalized world. Intersectionality is presented as a tool that enables the analysis of interconnected factors that shape social locationalities and promotes developing new methodologies. What is in the name intersectionality, how it works, what novelty is there in it, and how it can be further developed are questions answered in this paper. In the second part of the paper, the concept of intersectional-gender is put forward to examine the complex social locationalities of women in transit and to read the status of migrant women in Spain. Finally, the paper decries the resistance to interdisciplinarity in Southern European institutions, and particularly in Spain, and suggests the use of intersectionality as frame for interdisciplinary research methodologies in Human and Social Sciences.

This article identifies the factors that contribute to the successful implementation of intersectionality in European multilevel legal praxis through the analysis of the case B.S. v. Spain. Combining critical legal analysis of the main judicial documents with qualitative methodology from political science based on in‐depth interviews with key actors involved in the case, we uncover the obstacles and opportunities existing at the national and supra‐national levels for the implementation of intersectionality. We decipher the factors contributing to the exceptional success of this case through the conjoint analysis of macro, meso, and micro levels. Our analysis shows that a combination of the legal provisions, paradigms and structures, the roles of the different actors involved, and the applicant's subjective position made it possible to put intersectionality in practice. This study provides novel empirical evidence that contributes to advancing the theoretical debate about intersectionality implementation in the multilevel European context.