The structure and strength properties of vacuum Cu-Mo condensates, the components of which do not form chemical compounds in equilibrium conditions and have no mutual solubility in liquid and solid states, are studied by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. It is found that in the process of condensation of copper and molybdenum vapor mixtures in a vacuum, anomalous solutions of molybdenum in the FCC copper crystal lattice are formed. The regularities of irreversible decomposition of the indicated solid solutions are studied under isothermal annealing at 620 °C for 3 h. It has been established that as a result of the thermal influence, a peak of precipitation hardening arises, which has a two-stage character. The experimental results are explained by the formation of hardening BCC and FCC molybdenum particles in the volume of the copper matrix and a change in the mechanism of their hardening action with increasing annealing time.
The creation of the scientific foundations for the structural engineering of ultrathin nanolayers in multilayer nanocomposites is the basis of modern technologies for the formation of materials with unique functional properties. It is shown that an increase in the negative bias potential (from -70 to -220 V) during the formation of vacuum-arc nanocomposites based on ZrN makes it possible not only to control the preferred orientation of crystallites and substructural characteristics but also changes the conditions for conjugation of crystal lattices in ultrafine (about 8 nm) nanolayers.
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