Abstract—Baccharis funkiae, a new species endemic to Uruguay, is described and illustrated here. We also provide field work pictures, etymology, distribution and habitat, and preliminary conservation status information. Comments on how to differentiate it from the morphologically similar B. subopposita, highlighting differences setting the new species apart are discussed. Additionally, a key to the identification of the Uruguayan species belonging to Baccharis subgen. Baccharis sect. Cylindricae is presented.
Baccharis rectialata (Compositae: Astereae), a new species of B. sect. Caulopterae from the grasslands in northeastern Uruguay is described. The new species is morphologically similar to B. crispa and can be differentiated by its straight wing margins, shorter involucres and pappus in staminate capitula. We provide a detailed morphological description, and information on the distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation status. Additionally, we discuss the main differences between B. rectialata and other closely related and morphologically similar species, and provide a key for identification of subshrubs belonging to B. sect. Caulopterae occurring in Uruguay, as well as illustrations, images, and a distribution map of the new species.
Inflorescence and floral phenological studies are a source of valuable knowledge to interpret reproductive mechanisms and phylogenetic hypothesis in plants. We analyzed the morphology and functionality floret stages that are present in pistillate homogamous and functionally staminate heterogamous capitula of the dioecious species Baccharis aliena. Phenological monitoring of both types of capitula was carried out in cultivated plants of B. aliena. Floret phenological stages were defined in homogamous and heterogamous capitula by morphometric analyses, from pre-anthesis until senescence symptoms first appeared. Florets of homogamous and heterogamous capitula presented visual anthesis before functional anthesis was achieved and this feature was transferred to the phenology of capitulum. Anthesis of successive series occurs centripetally during a period of 21 days in the homogamous capitula and 20 days in the heterogamous capitula. The timing and length of heterogamous and homogamous capitula is tightly coordinated and almost identical, a feature that ensures floret interaction between plants and pollinator activities. Understanding of breeding systems in the Astereae subtribe Baccharidinae will most assuredly provide helpful insights towards a better understanding of the evolution of this highly successful group. Key words: Baccharidinae, dioecy, head inflorescence, heterogamous, homogamous, reproductive biology. ResumenLos estudios fenológicos florales y de inflorescencias son una importante fuente de conocimiento para interpretar los mecanismos reproductivos y las hipótesis filogenéticas en plantas. Se analiza la morfología y funcionalidad de los estadios florales presentes en los capítulos homógamos pistilados y en los capítulos heterógamos funcionalmente estaminados de la especie dioica Baccharis aliena. El seguimiento fenológico de ambos tipos de capítulos fue realizado en plantas cultivadas de B. aliena. Se determinaron los estadios fenológicos florales de los capítulos homógamos y heterógamos a partir de análisis morfométricos de las flores desde la pre-antesis hasta los primeros síntomas de senescencia. Las flores de los capítulos homógamos y heterógamos presentan antesis visual previa a la antesis funcional y esta característica se traslada al capítulo. La antesis ocurre de forma centrípeta en las sucesivas series de flores, y tiene una duración de 21 días en el capítulo homógamo y 20 días en el capítulo heterógamo. Los capítulos homógamos y heterógamos coinciden exactamente en tiempo y duración del período de floración, característica que asegura la interacción floral entre las plantas y la actividad de los polinizadores. El conocimiento de los sistemas reproductivos en las Astereae subtribu Baccharidinae contribuye a la interpretación de las estrategias evolutivas de este grupo altamente exitoso.
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