Studies involving endophytic fungi isolated from endemic plants and their antibacterial potential are largely unknown in the Pampa biome. In this study, we identified endophytic fungi isolated from Kelissa brasiliensis (Iridaceae), an endemic species of the Brazilian Pampa, and assessed their antibacterial activity. Endophytic fungi were first grouped based on macro-and micro-morphology, and one representative of each morphospecies was analyzed using sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region. We then tested the fungal extracts against laboratory isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity. A total of 30 endophytes were isolated from the tissues of K. brasiliensis, with the majority from the leaves. Endophytes were then grouped into seven morphospecies based on their morphological features and one representative from each was selected for phylogenetic analysis. The inference from the ITS rDNA sequences identified the endophytes of the seven selected morphospecies as belonging to six taxonomic groups: Colletotrichum (two), Diaporthe (one), Epicoccum (one), Fusarium (one), and Pestalotiopsis (one). The endophyte extracts revealed better results against E. coli than S. aureus, although the extracts from Colletotrichum and Pestalotiopsis sp. were statistically similar to the control antibiotic. Our study is a basis for endophytic fungi studies in Pampa.
ABSTRACT:The ability of bryophytes to tolerate salt is determined by a number of biochemical routes, whereas the salt ends up driving the activation of adaptive responses to tolerate this adverse condition. Salinity is the main limiting environmental factor under plant development, and is caused by excess salt ions in the environment, mainly Na + and Cl -. The optimal growth of plants in saline environment is obtained in concentrations of 50% of NaCl. Due to these findings, the importance of the study of the effect of salinity on the germination of plants, in this case in Funaria hygrometrica Hedw., is noticed.
Bryophytes are one of the most successful plants in nature and can tolerate several environmental stresses, such as saline stress. MBF1 is a transcription factor that may be involved in reprogramming transcription, which in turn may confer tolerance to stress conditions. The objective of this study was to quantify PaMBF1c under saline stress in three species of moss:Funaria hygrometrica,Physcomitrium acutifolium, andPhyscomitrella patens. All moss species underwent 12 h and 24 h treatment with salt at different concentrations, followed by qRT-PCR experiments. In F. hygrometrica, the MBF1c gene was up-regulated when subjected to 12 h salt treatment at a medium concentration, and may be an important factor for the tolerance of plants to NaCl concentrations. InP. acutifolium,24 h NaCl treatment at of 400, 600, and 800 mM resulted in a gradual up-regulation of MBF1c expression, reflective of the increasing NaCl concentration. InPhyscomitrella,the expression profile of MBF1c showed a down-regulation when treated with 200, 400, and 800 mM NaCl, suggesting that MBF1c may not interfere with the saline stress response in this plant. The diversity of these expression profiles demonstrate that the MBF1c response is not universal neither among plants nor between species of the same family, as shown in the mosses studied.
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