Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Abstract O b j e c t i v e s : a s u r v e y o f t h e f a c t o r s i n v o l v e d i n significant observance on the part of mothers of the N a t i o n a l I m m u n i z a t i o n P ro g r a m 's v a c c i n a t i o ncalendar. M e t h o d s : a s t u d y o f 1 2 4 p re g n a n t s d i v i d e d i n t o two groups: 61 nulliparous pregnant women and 63 m u l t i p a ro u s w o m e n a t t e n d i n g t h e G y n e c o l o g y / O b s t e t r i c s a n d P e d i a t r i c s s e r v i c e o f t h e H e i t o rBeltrão CMS (Rio de Janeiro-RJ) Results: it was identified that mothers associated i m m u n i z a t i o n e s s e n t i a l l y w i t h " p re v e n t i o n " a n d " p ro t e c t i o n " . T h e i d e a s o f " g o o d " , " c a re f u l " a n d "responsible" identified in the peripheral representations system led them to place these acquired cognitive concepts in the concrete context of their everyday lives, thereby ensuring that the vaccination calendar was observed. These feelings are strictly related to the epidemiological discourse that characterizes immunization as a specific act of protection. C o n c l u s i o n s : t h e B r a z i l i a n e x p e r i e n c e o f c h i l d vaccination, with almost 90% observance achieved in little more than two decades, suggests that an active and informed point of view on the part of the beneficiaries of immunization has replaced any misunders t a n d i n g s o r re s i s t a n c e t h a t m o t h e r s m a y h a v e h a d with regard to vaccination. A specific set of political, economic, cultural and technological factors-both national and international-were identified as being involved in the provision of immunobiological servic e s b y t h e B r a z i l i a n h e a l t h n e t w o r k a n d t h e s e a re re f l e c t e d i n t h e p re s e n t d e g re e o f o b s e r v a n c e o f t h e vaccination calendar. Key words Vaccination, Health education Resumo O b j e t i v o s : l e v a n t a m e n t o d o s f a t o re s e n v o l v i d o s na significativa observância das mães ao calendário vacinal do Programa Nacional de Imunizações. Métodos: amostra de 124 gestantes, divididas em dois grupos: 61 gestantes nulíparas e 63 multíparas, entre as que frequentaram o serviço de Ginecologia/ Obstetrícia e Pediatria do CMS Heitor Beltrão (Rio d e J a n e i ro -R J ) n o p e r í o d o d e a g o s t o d e 2 0 0 3 a janeiro de 2004. Para apreender os sentidos de vacinação, foram utilizados o teste de evocação "vacina"e um questionário. R e s u l t a d o s : i d e n t i f i c o u -s e q u e a s m ã e s a s s ociaram imunização essencialmente a "prevenção" e " p ro t e ç ã o " . A s p e rc e p ç õ e s " b o m " , " c u i d a d o " e " re s p o n s a b i l i d a d e " i d e n t i f i c a d a s n o s i s t e m a periférico da representação as impelem concretizar no cotidiano essas cognições adquiridas, garantindo o cumprimento do calendário vacinal. Tais sentidos re l a c i o n a m -s e e s t re i t a m e n t e c...
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