Background: Cardiac hypertrophy involves marked wall thickening or chamber enlargement. If sustained, this condition will lead to dysfunctional mitochondria and oxidative stress. Mitochondria have ATP-sensitive K+ channels (mitoKATP) in the inner membrane that modulate the redox status of the cell. Objective: We investigated the in vivo effects of mitoKATP opening on oxidative stress in isoproterenol- induced cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in Swiss mice treated intraperitoneally with isoproterenol (ISO - 30 mg/kg/day) for 8 days. From day 4, diazoxide (DZX - 5 mg/kg/day) was used in order to open mitoKATP (a clinically relevant therapy scheme) and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5HD - 5 mg/kg/day) or glibenclamide (GLI - 3 mg/kg/day) were used as mitoKATP blockers. Results: Isoproterenol-treated mice had elevated heart weight/tibia length ratios (HW/TL). Additionally, hypertrophic hearts had elevated levels of carbonylated proteins and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), markers of protein and lipid oxidation. In contrast, mitoKATP opening with DZX avoided ISO effects on gross hypertrophic markers (HW/TL), carbonylated proteins and TBARS, in a manner reversed by 5HD and GLI. Moreover, DZX improved mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity. This effect was also blocked by 5HD and GLI. Additionally, ex vivo treatment of isoproterenol- induced hypertrophic cardiac tissue with DZX decreased H2O2 production in a manner sensitive to 5HD, indicating that this drug also acutely avoids oxidative stress. Conclusion: Our results suggest that diazoxide blocks oxidative stress and reverses cardiac hypertrophy. This pharmacological intervention could be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent oxidative stress associated with cardiac hypertrophy.
Desastres naturais consistem em eventos capazes de causar sofrimento e prejuízos a uma população. Tem-se, no Brasil, as inundações, enchentes e deslizamentos que afetam municípios e indivíduos com maior vulnerabilidade social. Objetivou-se identificar os principais agravos à saúde decorrentes dos desastres naturais ocorridos no Brasil. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, utilizando o método de Prática Baseada em Evidências (PBE), realizada de janeiro/2013 a dezembro/2018. Como resultados encontrou-se que as áreas mais afetadas ficam na região sul com 1247 municípios. Já referente aos desastres que mais ocorreram deduziu-se que incêndios florestais, secas, inundações, deslizamentos, vendavais e granizo foram os mais prevalentes. os principais fatores que contribuem para os agravos à saúde identificados foram áreas inabitáveis por períodos significativos, comprometimento dos serviços de saneamento ambiental, da quantidade e da qualidade da água, do solo e da oferta de alimentos afetados como também alterações nos ciclos de vetores hospedeiros e reservatórios de doenças e maior incidência de doenças e óbitos. Assim, a identificação dos riscos a desastres naturais deve incentivar ações estruturais, preparação técnica de profissionais de saúde e conscientização da população. Portanto, os resultados obtidos podem ser relevantes para sociedade e profissionais de saúde, para elaboração de estratégias, ações de vigilância, prevenção e mitigação dos riscos e agravos ficam como contribuição.
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com 3. Type III -is characterized by severe constriction, with minimal breast base and apparent deficiency of all quadrants of the breast [1,4].However, this classification is very subjective, but the Northwood index is more objective, which is based exclusively on the hernia ion of the mammary parenchyma through the areola as a fundamental point in the development of the tuberous breast. It is calculated by the relation between the measure of parenchymal protrusion through the areola (distance from the tip of the papilla to the base of the areola measured in centimeters) and the areolar diameter measured in centimeters. The index greater than 0.4 defines a tuberous breast, which severity could be classified in mild (0.4 to 0.5), moderate (0.51 to 0.6) or severe (0.61 To 0.7) [1,5]. The early manifestation of signs of this mammary pathology could be observed since before puberty, when hormonal factors stimulate the gland and the mammary growth, due to the anterior projection of the areola-nipple complex and the peripheral expansion of the base of the breasts [3,6]. The breast represents an important symbol of woman's femininity and its deformity result in several psychological problems that, together with the sociocultural influences, motivate surgical interventions to improve its aesthetics [7][8][9]. In this report, it is described the rare case of a 14-year-old woman with tuberous breast and emotional changes as a result from these breast alterations. Case ReportD.C.S., a 14-year-old female patient from Juazeiro do Norte, in State of Ceará, was taken by her mother to the adolescent ambulatory at Maria Amélia Bezerra Children's Hospital. This hospital supports the Estácio de Sá College of Medicine, located in the same city. The teenager's mother reported changes in the appearance of adolescent breasts (Figure 1), which occurred two years ago, and behavioral disorders, such as aggression and introspection, attributed to this fact. Her mother also expressed intense desire to correct the alterations so that she could have a satisfactory anatomical and psychological development. Physical examination: shy expression, uncommunicative, but collaborative patient; hypotrophic mammary parenchyma bilaterally; breasts with enlarged areolas and the right breast was lower, showing asymmetry of both breasts; the right breast was larger than the left; finally, a constrictive ring was present at the base of the breasts (Figure 2). A two-time surgical correction was proposed SummaryThe tuberous breast is a rare pathology that affects mainly young women and is characterized by deformities that strike the breasts, such as an enlarged areola, less breast tissue, flaccidity and a close base in the fold of the breast. In the case report, it is a 14-year-old female patient with tuberous breasts and emotional disorders such as aggression, introspection and low self-esteem as a result of the psychological influence of breast changes. After medical exam, a surgical procedure and psychological t...
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