Mass customization is a manufacturing paradigm that enables customized and personalized design at a cost near mass production. Mass customization's ability to lower unit cost, increase quality, and shorten project duration for customized offerings is considered highly relevant for tomorrow's house building industry. Therefore, through a literature review, this research investigates state-of-the-art in mass customization in the house building industry from four perspectives: (1) mass customization in the house building industry, (2) modular and off-site construction, (3) construction supply chains, and (4) customer satisfaction. It is concluded that a great potential exists for applying mass customization in the house building industry. However, despite its potential, research on mass customization in the house building industry is sparse. In particular, research on developing the solution space and choice navigation tools is limited in this industry.

Modularity is a well-known concept that has been widely applied in both product and service design, respectively, for efficiently creating and offering variety to serve heterogeneous customer demand. However, the application of modularity in the design of a product-service system in which products and services are integrated is less addressed in previous research, despite servitization being a differentiating factor and promising strategy in many manufacturing companies. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to review state-of-the-art research on the development of modular product-service systems. The literature review assesses development methods for modular product-service systems proposed in previous research and categorizes these in regard to the development steps proposed, the research method applied, focus of the product-service systems, and the industry in which the research is conducted. Among others, the literature review concludes that research tends to focus on modular service development in the product-service system and the proposed methodologies for modular productservice system development mainly consists of four generic steps. Based on the findings of the literature review, areas of interest for future research are proposed.

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The fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, implies significant new technological opportunities for today's manufacturing industry. However, manufacturing companies still lack knowledge and skills on how to fully utilize these innovative technologies. This is in particular the case as regards development of process innovation. In order to advance this knowledge, the concept of learning factories is useful to support the manufacturer's learning and movement towards innovation. In short, a learning factory, that supports process innovation, can be described as a learning process for industry participants, which utilizes a learning factory to create rapid and innovative process solutions in industry based on the paradigm of Industry 4.0. Research on this topic is however still relatively scarce and scattered, meaning that no common conceptual frame of reference exists to support the research field of process innovation. Consequently, the theory building on innovation in the context of i4.0 is still fragmented and in its infancy, in spite of the rapidly increasing interest in this empirical phenomenon. To advance this domain of research, the current study unites and synthesizes existing research on process innovation in learning factories. Based on the findings of the literature review, the initial work of a reference model for process innovation in learning factories is presented.

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Many manufacturers are in the process of evolving from mass production to mass customization to cope with the increasing diversity of customer requirements. This induces an increasing complexity resulting from the high variety offered to customers. This problem is heightened by integrating product and service within the same offering. Modularity is considered as a driver for reducing complexity while increasing offered variety of products and services. This paper addresses the question of how to modularize products and/or services considering different criteria from the designers and domain experts. To this end, a Design Structure Matrix (DSM) based method is introduced. The method relies on a set of modularization criteria and on clustering to form product and/or service modules. The applicability of the method is illustrated through a test case in the manufacturing sector.