Systemic inflammation has been suggested to impact on the prognosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We undertook a retrospective analysis of patients with mRCC treated at Akademiska University Hospital in Sweden during the years 2005-2012 to assess the possible prognostic significance of inflammation-related factors including serum albumin, platelet count, weight loss and C-reactive protein (CRP). The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) criteria for prognosis of mRCC and ECOG performance status were assessed for all patients. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated according to Kaplan-Meier, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used for uni- and multivariate analyses. The median OS of all patients (n=84) was 20 months. Univariate analysis identified low serum albumin (HR=4.17, p<0.001), elevated platelet count (HR=2.98, p<0.001) and patient-reported weight loss prior to diagnosis of mRCC (HR=2.73, p<0.001), in addition to MSKCC (HR=3.35, p=0.0088) to be associated with shorter OS. CRP did not significantly affect OS. Serum albumin retained prognostic significance for OS in multivariate analysis (HR=2.72, p=0.015). In patients treated with an angiogenesis-targeted agent (n=47), low serum albumin level (HR=4.63, p<0.001) and elevated platelet count (HR=2.11, p=0.022) were associated with shorter PFS. In contrast, CRP, weight loss and MSKCC risk group did not significantly affect PFS. In multivariate analysis serum albumin remained associated with PFS (HR=3.92, p=0.0035). Our findings identify serum albumin as an independent prognostic factor for patients with mRCC treated with angiogenesis-targeted therapy.
Background: The long-term benefits of local therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have been widely documented. In this context, single fraction gamma knife radiosurgery (SF-GKRS) is routinely used in the management of brain metastases. However, SF-GKRS is not always feasible due to volumetric and regional constraints. We intend to illustrate how a dose-volume adaptive hypofractionated GKRS technique based on two concurrent dose prescriptions termed rapid rescue radiosurgery (RRR) can be utilized in this particular scenario. Case Description: A 56-year-old man presented with left-sided hemiparesis; the imaging showed a 13.1 cc brain metastasis in the right central sulcus (Met 1). Further investigation confirmed the histology to be a metastatic clear cell RCC. Met 1 was treated with upfront RRR. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 10 months showed further volume regression of Met 1; however, concurrently, a new 17.3 cc lesion was reported in the boundaries of the left frontotemporal region (Met 2) as well as a small metastasis (<1 cc) in the left temporal lobe (Met 3). Met 2 and Met 3 underwent RRR and SF-GKRS, respectively. Results: Gradual and sustained tumor ablation of Met 1 and Met 2 was demonstrated on a 20 months long follow- up. The patient succumbed to extracranial disease 21 months after the treatment of Met 1 without evidence of neurological impairment post-RRR. Conclusion: Despite poor prognosis and precluding clinical factors (failing systemic treatment, eloquent location, and radioresistant histology), RRR provided optimal tumor ablation and salvage of neurofunction with limited toxicity throughout follow-up.
Background: Metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma (mPRCC) is understudied. The disease is often aggressive and specific treatment options are lacking. Patients and methods: mPRCC patients (n ¼ 86) referred to three academic centres in Sweden and Germany in the years 2005-2015 were retrospectively identified from medical records. Statistical analyses included Kaplan-Meier curves and calculation of Cox proportional hazards, generating hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. The aim of the study was to evaluate overall survival (OS) of mPRCC patients treated outside of clinical trials in the era of targeted agents (TA) and to identify clinically useful prognostic factors. Results: Median OS of all mPRCC patients was 11.2 months. TA were used in 77% of the patients and associated with younger age and better Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS). Brain metastases were common (28%). Patients with synchronous or metachronous metastases had similar OS. Variables independently associated with risk of death included age !60 years, worse PS and !3 metastatic sites. The MSKCC criteria did not provide additional prognostic information. A subgroup analysis of TA-treated patients revealed an association of lymph node metastasis with risk of death in addition to the other prognostic factors. Conclusion: OS in mPRCC remained short in the era of targeted agents. Age, PS, and number of metastatic sites provided independent prognostic information.
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