Many language practitioners believe in the importance of grammar teaching for young learners as it supports the basic for young learners' language development. Various beliefs on the grammar teaching method are aroused too. It leads to confusion on how to teach grammar in young learners' classroom. Thus, this paper aims to investigate further how grammar is taught in young learners' classroom. After having observations in sixth-graders' English classes and deep interviews with the teachers who were observed, it is found that the teachers tended to teach grammar explicitly. It happened as they believed in the urgency of grammar mastery in the early ages. Moreover, they consider the students as those who are ready enough to understand the grammar rule as their logic is considered more advanced than their junior in school. This finding can be a means of supporting teachers' self-evaluation, schools' evaluation and also for other educational practitioners who want to investigate teaching grammar for young learners further.

The application and development of vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) lead to acquiring a more extensive vocabulary size and better performance in language acquisition. Students with different proficiencies might employ various VLS in their language learning process. This study aims to describe and analyze the vocabulary learning strategy used by low-frequency-word level students identified by vocabulary size test they took previously. This study adopted mix-method research by using questionnaires and interviews. The participants were university students of international programs majoring in industrial engineering, civil engineering, and business and economics. The students were identified in low-frequency-word level who were considered able to understand wide reading and specialized study. The findings showed that low-frequency-word level students primarily used dictionary, guessing, and activation strategies. The social strategy was identified as another alternative strategy to learn vocabulary. Google Translate was the most popular translating tool due to its practicality. Guessing meaning strategy was done when failing to find the desired words using an online translation machine. Moreover, the students used social media as the platform to implement the activation strategy. Meanwhile, note-taking, rehearsal, metacognitive strategies belong to the least used VLS as the students are not into intentional vocabulary learning.

Researchers find that teacher plays dominant role in managing the teacher-students interaction, the important aspect affecting the language acquisition process in young learners' class. Hence, to make sure that the teacher-students interaction goes well for achieving the classroom goals, how the teacher manages the interaction should be investigated further. As beliefs can affect how people act, this research aims to investigate the teachers' belief on teacher-students interaction in young learners' English class. This is a qualitative research using direct observation in two English classes at two different Elementary schools and in-depth interview with two English teachers as the data collecting techniques. The data revealed that the teachers' beliefs affecting how the teacher-students interaction goes consist of beliefs about goals, process, and source of teacher-students interaction. Overall, the interactions were done to achieve two goals namely promoting language acquisition and controlling learning atmosphere. The source of interaction namely teacher talk was adjusted to young learners' characteristics to make the process of learning meaningful. This finding gives conceptual insight about how the system of teacher-students interaction in English learning process in Elementary schools works. Then, it may be beneficial for the teachers as a means supporting selfreflection, schools' evaluation and also for the educational practitioners who want to investigate the TSs interaction in more details.

As the important component of language acquisition and language learning affecting language skill mastery, vocabulary has been the concern of the language expertise. Many of them focus a lot on how to enrich the learners’ vocabulary. In fact, vocabulary development is not only about increasing the quantity but also on its quality. Knowing this fact, it is needed to find out how qualified the vocabulary development nowadays. Therefore, the quantitative study is done to identify and analyze the vocabulary size developmental pattern across the levels. It is a cross sectional survey research. The data was taken by doing vocabulary test to the international students who deal a lot with English exposure in their learning. Three batches consisting of freshmen, sophomore, and junior in the International classes were assessed to see their developmental pattern. Vocabulary size test developed by Paul Nation becomes the best option as the test measuring the vocabulary size of the students. As a result, the hypothesis was accepted. It is found that there is a difference in the vocabulary size from the three batches with a surprising finding too due to the pattern. This result is then useful for a means of reflection and evaluation for the students and the institution.

Kelurahan Giripurwo is a cultural village that has abundant cultural wealth. There is a potential culture brought by the government to add to the cultural richness of the Giripurwo Village called shibori cloth. The use of shibori cloth can be one of the cultural potentials that can be maximized by Giripurwo villagers to add cultural and economic value to this village. To explore the function of shibori cloth as a cultural and economic potential that can positively contribute to the Giripurwo Village, online observations are made by conducting literature studies through websites, books, journals, articles, and other sources relevant to the development of the potential of shibori cloth as a cultural asset. The techniques of making shibori can be categorized into 6 different techniques, namely, Kanoko, Miura, Arashi, Itajime, Kumo, and Nui. Different techniques will produce different variations. This variation can be a positive thing because, in its later economic function, consumers are not limited by a limited choice of products. The use of the online marketplace also plays an important role in maximizing the economic function that can be achieved from the shibori cloth products produced by the people of Giripurwo Village.