Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum II- (CP-) induced neurotoxicity is one of the least explored aspects of this drug. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells are considered as the primary target, and their damage plays a vital role in pathogenesis and etiology of CP-induced neurotoxicity. The present study is aimed at confirming if riboflavin (RF) has any protective role in shielding the DRG from CP-induced toxicity. After conducting the established treatment strategy on mice under photoillumination, it was observed that, despite the fact that RF alone is partially toxic, its combination with CP significantly ameliorated the drug-induced damage in DRG cells as evidenced by histological analysis. In addition, it was interesting to observe that the combination group (RF + CP) was able to induce apoptosis in the target cells up to a significant extent which is considered as the most preferred way of countering cancer cells. Therefore, RF can act as an effective adjuvant compound in CP-based chemoradiotherapy to improve clinical outcomes in the contemporary anticancer treatment regimes.
Cisplatin used in treatment of solid tumor induces oxidative stress which leads to hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. New strategies are therefore needed to combat toxicity and optimize its therapeutic potential. Riboflavin (VitaminB2) under photoillumination works as an anti proliferative agent and induces apoptosis. These properties of riboflavin have been exploited to mitigate cisplatin induced toxicities. 9,10-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene /12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate were used to induce skin tumor in Swiss albino mice. The tumor induced mice were treated with cisplatin, riboflavin as well as their combination under photo illumination. In comparison to tumor control group the cisplatin and riboflavin treated groups showed a compromised level of antioxidant enzymes, functional markers and a higher degree of lipid peroxidation. However these parameters tended towards normal in the combination treated group. The results from histopathology indicate that apoptosis was favored mode of cell death and that necrosis was reduced in combination treated groups. Our findings indicate that combination of cisplatin with riboflavin under photo illumination synergizes its anti cancer activity towards cancer cells and attenuates the cisplatin induced toxicities.
Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is a known chemotherapeutic drug used widely for the treatment of leukemias, lymphomas and some solid tumors. Copper is an essential constituent of chromatin and its level is usually elevated in various malignancies. Combined modality chemotherapy involves the use of drug with other components for cancer treatment, such as radiation therapy or surgery. Photosensitizer anticancer drugs can be used in combination with light and may have synergistic effect on cancer. The present study is an attempt to show that CYC acts as prooxidant when used in combination with Cu(II) and white light. We hypothesize that CYC when given as a chemotherapeutic agent possibly interact with endogenous copper associated with chromatin of the cancer cells and generate ROS besides acting as DNA alkylating agent. Thus, during chemotherapy the oxidative stress is possibly generated by the drug through mobilizing endogenous Cu(II) which may attribute to the cytotoxic death of cancer cell.
BACKGROUND As social media has become increasingly integrated into healthcare, it is becoming an essential tool for healthcare professionals, researchers, and patients to communicate, share information, and stay up-to-date. Peer-assisted learning (PAL) using social media can be a highly effective method of supporting medical trainees. Mobile device applications and social media may play a role in facilitating anesthesia trainee-led online education. However, there are still many challenges facing anesthesia trainees when it comes to incorporating social media or PAL effectively. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this survey was to assess the proportion of trainees that use social media. The secondary objectives were to identify the perceptions by trainees on the use of social media for educational purposes including PAL. METHODS Ethics approval was obtained for this study. This cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey administered via email at a single large academic center. The survey tool collected data on the following: demographic data (year of study/ field of specialty), use of technology and online resources for medicine, use of social media platforms for anesthesia or training, benefits and barriers to future uses of social media for training, and ideas for trainee-led websites. RESULTS 80 trainees responded (anesthesia residents = 51, anesthesia fellows = 29) to the survey. The highest perceived benefits of PAL according to residents were that the most valuable information is available on-demand (52.9%), it saves time (52.9%), and it improves their overall learning experience within anesthesia (47.1%). In comparison, fellows thought that PAL was beneficial because it provides multiple perspectives of a single topic (44.8%) and serves as an additional platform to discuss ideas with peers (44.8%). Most medical trainees accessed medical resources with the help of their mobile devices multiple times each day (76.3%). The most popular platforms used by both residents and fellows is Facebook (86.0% and 89.3%, respectively) followed by LinkedIn (42.0% and 28.6%, respectively). Even though most anesthesia trainees use social media, only 26.3% reported to have used peer-led resident/fellow-driven online resources. Examples of PALs trainees used included anesthesia groups and a resident Dropbox resource folder. CONCLUSIONS Trainees all have access to devices to use regularly for medical knowledge and there is generally an acceptance to using PAL for learning if they address concepts that are individualized to a trainee's level of education. PAL has the potential to garner an increased sense of community and sharing within learning experiences throughout all levels of training. The information gained from this survey will help inform the basis for developing an anesthesia trainee-led e-learning platform. Therefore, the opinions and information shared by participants within trainee programs could help directly influence the content developed on a pilot platform. CLINICALTRIAL N/A
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