The paper reviews literature on the current aspects of the diagnosis and expert appraisal of focal osteoplastic masses in the lung upon dust exposure to dust factors. It considers different aspects of the pathogenesis of osteoplastic changes in the tissue structural elements of pulmonary histione. Current views on the prevalence, etiology, and pathogenesis, as well as morphological changes in the development of this abnormality, its association with the dust damaging effects of human activities are reflected.
Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Новокузнецкий государственный институт усовершенствование врачей» Минздрава РФ, научно-исследовательская лаборатория патологической анатомии, Новокузнецк, Россия Проведено гистоморфометрическое исследование сосудов малого круга кровообращения в ткани легких 17 шахтеров, про-работавших в условиях запыленности в среднем 14,1±0,5 года, считавшихся здоровыми по результатам динамического наблю-дения и погибших при техногенной катастрофе. Результаты исследования показали, что в сосудах легких шахтеров происходит увеличение толщины эндотелиального слоя, гипертрофия гладкомышечных структур и развитие периваскулярного склероза. Из-менения структур стенки сосуда приводят к его утолщению и уменьшению относительного просвета сосуда, что создает условия для развития легочной гипертонии. гипертрофия гладкомышечного компонента медии рассматривается как одно из проявлений системного кониотического процесса, разыгрывающегося в стенке легочных сосудов и, как следствие, обусловливающего даль-нейшее повышение артериального давления вторичного характера. Полученные результаты диктуют необходимость разработки методов раннего мониторинга сердечно-сосудистой системы у работников угольной промышленности для выявления латентной и начальной стадий легочной гипертонии.Ключевые слова: сосуды малого круга кровообращения, артериальная гипертензия, периваскулярный фиброз, эндотелиоз, гипертрофия мышечного слоя. We carried out gistomorphometrical researches of vessels of the small circle of blood circulation in the pulmonary tissue of 17 miners which had worked under dust conditions on the average 14,1±0,5 years. they were considered as healthy according to the results of dynamic observation and they perished due to technogenic catastrophe. the results showed that the thickening of the endothelial layer, the hypertrophy of smooth muscle structures and the development of perivascular sclerosis are happened in the vessels of the lungs of miners. Changes of the structure of the vessel wall lead to its thickening and reduction the lumen of the vessel, that creates conditions for the development of pulmonary hypertension. the hypertrophy of smooth muscle structures is considered as one of the manifestations of systemic coniotic processes which occur in the wall of the pulmonary vessels and consequently causes a further increase in blood pressure that has secondary character. the obtained results dictate the need to develop methods of early monitoring of the cardiovascular system in coal workers to detect latent and the initial stages of pulmonary hypertension. PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENTKey words: vessels of pulmonary circulation, arterial hypertension, perivascular fibrosis, endotheliosis, hypertrophy of the muscle layer Представления о развитии вторичной легочной гипертонии при заболеваниях легких, включая и пневмокониозы, дискутабельны в части опреде-ления сроков ее появления, патогенетических ме-ханизмов и компенсации тканевых структурных ...
Introduction. Clinical studies have shown the development of a complex of non-specific changes in internal organs due to chronic fluoride intoxication. The accumulation of fluorine in the body initiates free radical oxidation, promotes the development of pathological processes in the heart against the background of an imbalance between pro- and antioxidants, and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Pathological activation of intima cells leads to unbalanced production of damaging factors, changes in the hemostasis system, and entails morphological and functional disorders of organs. Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on one hundred twenty white male rats. A morphological study of the heart, blood vessels was performed out at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks of chronic fluoride intoxication. Results. The 1st-3rd weeks of the experiment are characterized by the preservation of the morphological structure of the cardiac muscle against the background of the previously shown a compensatory activation of the components of the redox-signalling system, which provided a decrease in the intensity of free radical processes. With an increase in the duration of exposure to sodium fluoride (6–9 weeks) these mechanisms failure was noted, which was manifested by the development of degenerative changes in the myocardium, progressing up to the 12th week of the experiment. The described changes correlated with the development of endotheliosis, degenerative and fibroplastic processes, circulatory disorders in the vessels of the heart and other organs. Limitations. Histological findings are descriptive. Conclusion. The results obtained are of practical importance for the elaboration of effective methods for timely organ-protective prevention and correction of pathomorphological disorders, depending on the organ-specific features and duration of fluoride intoxication.
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