This article analyzes firm entrepreneurial orientation across different contexts. Applying institutional theory to entrepreneurship proves the different role of the entrepreneurial orientation dimensions depending on the context. The sample for this study is composed of both small and medium-sized firms from three countries: China, Mexico, and Spain. In the means of testing our hypothesis and thus quantifying the moderating effect of context, a structural equation model PLS-SEM technique and, specifically, a multigroup analysis approach has been implemented. The results have led us to confirm an overall positive effect of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance regardless of firm context. However, the context of a firm certainly acts as a moderator by determining the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance. This effect is explained by the conditioning power of context over innovation, proactiveness, and risk-taking, the three main factors defining firm entrepreneurial orientation across contexts.

Given the current trend toward a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly economy, the overlap between entrepreneurship and sustainability has become a key research area. Part of this trend is the emergence of ecopreneurial businesses. These businesses are pioneers in using innovation to achieve sustainable growth by exploiting market opportunities. This article presents an overview of the concepts of ecopreneurship, eco-innovation, and the ecological sector. A rigorous review of the literature in this area is presented. The results of this review show the key values and principles that are central to this new stream of research and shed light on opportunities for further research. The primary conclusion is that there is a need for collective collaboration between ecopreneurs, consumers, and producers to achieve long-term sustainability.

In the knowledge era, new forms of organizing and managing firms emerge to adapt to new situations. One such new form of organizational management is ambidextrous leadership. Ambidextrous leadership combines opening leader behaviors, such as promoting creativity, and closing leader behaviors, such as accomplishing objectives and adhering to norms. Thus, the aim is to demonstrate that a social orientation is not at odds with measures of operational performance other than profitability. The purpose of this study is to examine how ambidextrous leadership is linked to social entrepreneurial orientation and how this in turn affects operational performance. This is done through a rigorous review of the literature.Sustainability 2019, 11, 890 2 of 15 proactiveness and innovativeness [15] to obtain a competitive advantage. The effects of the contingent factors of proactiveness and risk-taking orientation have been studied to learn how companies can innovate. This stream of research has yielded positive results [16]. Innovativeness is a central element in entrepreneurial orientation, as is proactiveness and risk-taking.However, social entrepreneurship requires another factor, which reflects the specific characteristics of such companies. This factor is social entrepreneurial orientation. The essence of social entrepreneurship is social entrepreneurial orientation [17]. Social entrepreneurial orientation refers to the combination of entrepreneurial orientation and reciprocity [18]. Reciprocity entails taking what society has received and returning it in the form of sustainable practices that benefit society as a whole. Innovation is a common element to the concepts of entrepreneurial orientation, social entrepreneurial orientation, and operational performance. Therefore, a managerial orientation conducive to fostering innovation is necessary.The leadership style that best promotes exploration and exploitation and, consequently, innovation is ambidextrous leadership [19]. Ambidextrous leaders employ opening leader behaviors to encourage employees to proactively seek novel ideas and solutions and then shift to closing leader behaviors to encourage workers to implement these ideas and solutions. Therefore, ambidextrous leadership has the capacity to promote proactiveness, innovativeness, and risk-taking by employees [20].The interaction between opening and closing behaviors predicts innovative performance in employees. Therefore, greater interaction between the two behaviors means higher levels of innovativeness [21,22]. Ambidextrous leadership influences employees' innovative performance [23] and creativity [24].The purpose of this study is to offer insight into the concept of ambidextrous leadership and then measure how ambidextrous leadership is linked to social entrepreneurial orientation. The main objective is therefore to measure how social entrepreneurial orientation affects firms' operational performance. A literature review of studies in the Web of Science-Social Sciences Citation Index (WoS-SSCI) database is present...

In civic crowdfunding, local communities are asked to financially contribute to projects aimed at the regeneration of an area. Usually a local government acts as a co-funder. This paper employs a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to discover which conditions are combined and may result in the collection of a significant amount of funds. Five conditions were selected: the nature of project, the number of backers, the number of rewards, the percentage of backers that did not require a reward and the percentage of rewards not required during the fundraising campaign. The study used a sample of 40 Italian successful civic crowdfunding rounds sponsored and match-funded by a local government. The nature of the projects and the presence of rewards seem to emerge as critical influencing factors. These findings open up further investigations on the attitudes of civic backers towards rewards and on the charitable nature of civic fundraising.

PurposeBased on the theory of dynamic capabilities, the purpose of this study is to examine how generation influences the effect of innovation capability on family business performance. To achieve this purpose, a moderation model is tested using the generational level as the moderating variable.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a sample of 106 family businesses CEOs who were surveyed by mail using the Limesurvey 2.5 platform. The results obtained were analyzed using the second-generation partial least squares (PLS) structural equation model. The MICOM (Measurement Invariance of Composite Models) approach was used to analyze the moderating effect.FindingsThis research sheds lights on the innovation capacity to influence the family businesses performance, and on the generational level moderating this effect. As a result, the influence of the innovation capacity in second generation family businesses performance is higher than in the first generation.Research limitations/implicationsThis study reveals the influence that the generational level has on the effect of innovation capacity on the family business performance. A greater dispersion of ownership, more participatory decision-making, and greater CEOs commitment to leadership in second- and later-generation family businesses, are the main key drivers of this result.Originality/valueIn comparison to previous studies, this research provides insights into the moderating effect of the generational level on the influence of innovation capacity on the family businesses performance through the MICOM approach (Measurement Invariance of Composite Models).